Edward and Mary Tudor

Question 1

Henry VIII dies

Answer 1

1547

Question 2

Condition of the Country 1547

Answer 2

War - france and scotland
Inflation - due to debasement of the coinage under Henry VIII
Religious Change - fear of Catholic crusade
Minor on the throne - Edward was 9

Question 3

Issues of a minor on the throne 4

Answer 3

Image -child, weak leadership - coins presented him as older
Faction - Somerset had a smooth transition to power. Because held possession of Edward before announcing Henry’s death
Unrest - civil war and instability
War - child couldn’t lead an army into war

Question 4

Great Chain of Being

Answer 4

• accepted order
• Monarchs viewed peasants as the many headed monster
• Existed to support the monarchy

Question 5

Causes of Unrest

Answer 5

• Population Growth - 1535 - 2.3 million
  - 1559 - 3 million
• Enclosures - less land for peasants to farm
• Inflation - 1530 prices increased by 60%
  Poor Harvest 6-7 years there was not enough product for subsistence farmers

Question 6

Duke of Somerset

Answer 6

1547 - 1550
Edward Seymor
- Lord Protector

Question 7

Duke of Northumberland

Answer 7

1550 - 1553
John Dudley
Lord President

Question 8

Edwards Cornoation

Answer 8

Archbishop Cranmer said that Edward’s coronation didn’t make him any more powerful as his power already came directly form God

Question 9

Destructive

Answer 9

1547
royal visititations
Book of homilies
Royal injunctions - made all clergy preach in English
Dissolution of Chnatries
Act of 6 articles repealed
Treason Act Repealed

Question 10

State of Limbo

Answer 10

1548
- public preaching banned
- John Calvin radical
martin luther moderate

Question 11

Developing

Answer 11

1549 - 52

• 1st Book of Common Prayer - outlined liturgy (a form of public worship) - written by Cranmer
• Act of Uniformity - made the new prayer book law
• services in English and clerical marriage allowed
• Images removed

Question 12

Things thats handt changed by 1552

Answer 12

• fast and Holy days remained
• belief in purgatory is not banned
• worship of saints is not banned
• no punishment for skipping church

Question 13

Things that had changed by 1552

Answer 13

• New ordinal
• new ceremony for ordaining clergy
• official removal of superstitious objects
• stone alters replaced with wooden ones

Question 14

completion

Answer 14

1553

• 2nd book of common prayer - removed transubstantiation and prayers for dead and ceremonial vestments
• Second Act of Uniformity - made it a criminal offense not to attend church
• Black Rubric - protestant keeling - represented respect for God not the transubstantiation of wine and bread
• 42 Articles - outlined the protestant faith - never became law

Question 15

Somerset’s coup

Answer 15

1550
October 5th - somerset took Edward to Hampton court
October 6th - somerset took Edward to Windsor Castle
- Edward escaped and publically announced that he had been kidnapped, Somerset could not argue with the king and was imprisoned

Question 16

Somersets Fall

Answer 16

1550

- Somerset conspired and was executed

Question 17

Edwards Death

Answer 17

1553
January - Edward fell ill
April - shows signs of improvement
May - relapses
July - dies

Question 18

Devise for Succession

Answer 18

“The sons of Lady Frances and Lady Jane Grey (and her) male heirs”

Question 19

The devise for succession - Frances opinion

Answer 19

France supported barring Mary form the throne - offered military support but Northumberland declined because he didn’t want french troops in Britain after the war

Question 20

Northumberland v Mary

Answer 20

N’s Failings

• should have secured power before announcing Edward was dead
• Grey was a reluctant queen
• only had 2000 troops when he left for Norfolk
• troops deserted when they heard mary had 20000
• Privvy council became nervous and turned against him while he was in Norfolk

M’s successes

• Proclaimed herself queen and issued a letter of summons
• 20,000 troops
• strong base in Framlingham Castle
• could call on Charles V (roman emperor) for support

Question 21

Mary’s Privy Council

Answer 21

too large

• 1555 formed the inner council
• Paget dominated this

Question 22

Gardiner v Paget

Answer 22

Disagreed over Mary’s marriage choices
Gardiner wanted an Englishman
Paget wanted Philip of Spain

Disagreed over Heresy Laws
- 1554 April - parliament rejected them until they had a guarantee monastic land would be returned to the church

Question 23

Cardinal Pole

Answer 23

Paypal Legate

• carried out church visitations
• London synod - ended the corrupt practices, and made bishops more responsible
• commissioned publications to help the clergy

Question 24

Marys Censorship and Terror

Answer 24

• Treason to slander Mary and Philip
• Hersey Checks
• Sponsered sermons
• underground reading of 2nd Book of Common prayer

December 1554 - Deprivations of Protestant Clergy
The arrest of Archbishop Cranmer
Imprisonment of Ridley, Latimer, Hooper, and Rogers
Trials and execution for those who refused deprivation
= Roger Ridley and Hooper

Question 25

Burnings under Mary

Answer 25

280 people burned in 46 months
Mary believed it was her duty to eradicate heresy

• Public burnings created fear, causing a shift toward Catholicism

Question 26

John Foxe

Answer 26

Book of Martyr’s - recorded protestant burning under Queen M

Question 27

S v N Positives

Answer 27

S - heard cases of the poor

• prevented torture
• progressive social policy

N - attempted to stabilise the countries finances
peace with france and scotland

Question 28

S v N Negatives

Answer 28

S - poor leadership
- mishandling of foreign policy
- social policy alienated aristocracy
- religious policy
finance - spent on war

N - attempted to alter succession

• harsh peace treaty ceding Boulogne to France
• posed as. Catholic and Protestant depending on what was convenient politicallky

Question 29

why did people dislike Northumberland?

Answer 29

-1549 he used force to put down the western rebellion

Question 30

why are the writings of John Foxe not entirely reliable ?

Answer 30

Foxe was not an eyewitness to many of the events which he recorded

Question 31

For how many days was Edwards death kept a secret ?

Answer 31

• Edwards death was kept a secret for 3 days

Question 32

What structure is used for a Tudor source question ?

Answer 32

Introduction - context, do the sources support the statement?

P
question
context
analysis
provenance - reliable and unreliable, why was the source written, by whom and when
own knowledge
link

conclusion
context
judgement - is the statement supported by the sources