Edward Flashcards
When did Edward become King?
1547
How old was he when he became King?
9
Who was Edward Seymour?
Edward’s uncle, took power and made himself Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset
What two changes did Somerset make?
- The council had full power and authority to take whatever action necessary for the good of the country while Edward was under 18
- The Council were allowed to bestow gifts and titles intended for people by Henry VIII but it wasn’t official
What titles did Somerset give out when he came to power?
- John Dudley became Ear of Warwick
- His brother Thomas Seymour became Lord Seymour
- Thomas Wriothesley became Earl of Southampton
What religious changes were made in the Edwardian Reformation? (under Somerset)
- Catholic images removed
- Prayer books changed from Latin to English
- Mass turned to English
- Chantries dissolved and land taken
- Made vestments less extravagant
- Royal Injunctions
When was the Book of Homilies and Royal Injunctions introduced? What were they?
July 1547
- Book of Homilies: sermons for Church, reformed Church doctrine
- Royal Injunctions: the list of ‘instructions’ on how religion was to be practised
When were Catholic images removed and the proclamation to limit radical protestants?
January-April 1548
When was the First Book of Common Prayer introduced? What did it contain?
December 1548
- Services in Latin
- Communion in both kinds
- Clerical marriage allowed
- No prayers for the dead
- Worship of Saints discouraged
What was the Act of Uniformity? When was it passed?
Made the First Prayer Book law
1549
What were the Six Articles? When were they repealed?
A book of teachings to move people towards Catholicism under Henry VIII
Repealed in 1547
What other religious changes occurred in the Edwardian Reformation? (under Northumberland)
- New Ordinal: Jan 1550
- New Treason Act: Jan 1552
- Second Prayer Book: Jan 1552
- Second Act of Uniformity: April 1552
- 42 Articles: Nov 1552
What was the Treason Act passed under Northumberland?
Going against King’s religion is treason
Was the Second Act of Uniformity stricter?
Yes
Why were the 42 Articles never passed?
Edward died
What changed with the Second Prayer Book?
- Ceremony now in line with spiritual presence of God
- Kneeling to receive communion
- Traditional robes not worn
- Altars replaced by communion tables
- Sign of cross abolished
When was the Western Rebellion?
May-August 1549
What was the cause of the Western Rebellion?
- The new Prayer Book
- Economic reasons: introduction of sheep tax and inflation
What were some of the demands from the rebels in the Western Rebellion?
- Prayer Book and mass in Latin
- Laws of Six Articles used how they were under Henry VIII
- Restoration of images
- Holy bread and water used every Sunday
Where did the Western Rebellion largely take place?
Devon and Cornwall
What was the response to the Western Rebellion?
- 6000 armed rebels in Exeter
- Lord Russell sent by PC to put down rebellion (little support from gentry)
- Rebels quashed in August 1549
- 4000 rebel casualties
When did the Kett’s Rebellion take place?
July - August 1549
What was the location for the Kett’s Rebellion?
Norfolk/Norwich
What were the causes for the Kett’s Rebellion?
- Enclousure of common land by the gentry
- Peasants had no where to keep livestock
- Religion- protestantism not happening fast enough
- Class divide
What were some of the demands of the Kett’s Rebellion?
- That no lord of the manor should be able to exploit common lands
- Private jurisdictions should be abolished
- More educated clergy for the reformation
What was the response to the Kett’s rebellion?
- 3000 rebels killed by Warwick’s army
- Kett captured and hanged in December 1549
- Holiday to commemorate the end of it
What were the 3 different features of political decision making under Edward? (Hint: 3 Ps)
- Privy Council
- Parliament
- Proclamation
What was the Privy Council made up of?
16 people- 8 protestant, 8 catholic
What was parliament made up of?
- Gentry
- Lords
- Privy Council
What is a proclamation? How many did Somerset make?
- Formal announcement of the monarch
- Somerset made 77 from 1547-49
What did Somerset do wrong?
- Poor leadership/favoritism
- Money/extravagance
- Religious policy
- Social policy (rebellions)
- Isolated himself from the PC with proclamations
- Didn’t consult PC that often
How did Warwick (Northumberland) gain power?
- Anti-Somerset faction had developed
- Rebellions in 1549
- Retreated to Hampton court with Edward
- Both moved to Windsor Castle and Edward became ill, claiming he was a prisoner
- Warwick brings allies and removes opponents
- January 1550 - leading Catholics had been dismissed and Lord President title is made
- Own supporters put in important decisions
- January 1552- Somerset executed
How did Warwick differ from Somerset?
He named himself ‘Lord President’ which stopped him from being seen as an overpowering figure over Edward
Who was Lady Jane Grey?
Edward’s second cousin
What was the original devise for succession?
- Edward names his cousins heirs males (Frances), then LJG then Katherine and Mary
- He changed Henry VIII’s Act of Succession to his own devise - Mary should’ve got the crown
When did Edward fall ill? What happened to the devise?
- Fell ill in January 1553
- Serious relapse in late May
- Forced him to change succession to make Lady Jane Grey heir (Lady Jane Grey AND her heirs male)
When did Edward die?
6th July 1553
What did the changes to the devise do?
- Barred Mary due to Catholicism
- LJG chosen due to devout protestantism and education
How did Mary get to the English throne- what was the process?
- Mary proclaims herself Queen in East Anglia on the 10th July 1553, council rejected this
- Northumberland sets out 3 days later with troops to defeat Mary, leaving London vulnerable
- Mary’s support increased by 15th July, and PC went Tower for protection without sending reinforcements to Northumberland
- 17th-19th of July- Northumberlands forces started to desert, Mary’s forces 10 times the size of Northumberland’s
- Mary proclaimed Queen on 19th July
What were the 4 key factors that helped Mary get to the throne?
Religion
Support
Tactics
Claim
