Educational policies marketisation

Question 1

What time is the marketisation policies adhere to?

Answer 1

1988

Question 2

What is marketisation?

Answer 2

Refers to the process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition.

Question 3

What are the two ways an educational market has been created?

Answer 3

• Reducing direct state control over education
• Increasing competition between schools and parental choice

Question 4

what is parentocracy?

Answer 4

rule by parents
parents have the control

Question 5

How has parentocracy been created?

Answer 5

• Publication of league tables and ofsted → allow rankings of the schools according to exam results
• Business sponsorships of schools
• Open enrollment → able to compete for more students
  Formular funding → emphasising the need to compete
  Free schools / able to opt out and be an academy

Question 6

What does David argue about parentocracy?

Answer 6

argue that marketised education as parentocracy ‘rule by parents’.

Question 7

why do supporters of marketisation favour it?

Answer 7

argue that education market shifts power away from schools and teachers to the consumers (parents) → drives up standards as more choice to parents is given

Question 8

BALL / WITTY evaluation

Answer 8

argue that marketisation policies and formula funding reproduce class inequalities by creating inequalities between schools and further enhancing the divide.

Question 9

What two terms does Bartlett argue?

Answer 9

• silt shifting
• cream skinning

Question 10

silt shifting

Answer 10

good schools avoid taking less able students who are less likely to damage their league table position

Question 11

Creaming - skimming

Answer 11

good schools can be more selective choose their own customers and recruit high achievers MC → have an advantage

Question 12

Bartlett - how do league tables disadvantage poor schools

Answer 12

For bad schools opposite applies can’t afford to be selective so WC mainly apply and results are poorer → league tables reproduce class inequality

Question 13

What is the funding formular?

Answer 13

Schools allocated funds based on how many students they attract → popular schools = more funding / better facilities → becomes more selective

Less pupils → less funding → less selective → worse results

Question 14

What does Gerwitz argue ?

Answer 14

parental choice study of 14 london secondary schools found differences in parental economic capital lead to differences in choice access

• privileged - skilled choosers
• disconnected local choosers
• semi-skilled choosers

Question 15

What are privileged skilled choosers?

Answer 15

Mainly professional middle-class parents who used their economic and capital to gain educational capital for their children.
So being prosperous and highly educated enabled them to take full advantage of their open options available

• Cultural capital → knew how school admission systems work
• Economic capital → could afford to move to the best educational areas

Question 16

What is disconnected local choosers?

Answer 16

Working class parents who had restricted choices due to their lack of economic and cultural capital.

• Cultural - shrugged to understand school admissions
  Less aware of the choices open to them so unable to manipulate to their advantage
• Prioritised safety and quality of facilities over league tables
• Distance caused major restrictions

Question 17

What are semi- skilled choosers?

Answer 17

→ mainly working class but were ambitious for their children
Lacked cultural capital and found it difficult to make sense of the education market
Often frustrated at inability to get children into schools.

Question 18

What did Gerwitz conclude ?

Answer 18

i theory marketisation gives everyone greater choice but in practice MC possess more economic and cultural capital so have more of a choice

Question 19

What does Ball argues as the myth of parentocracy?

Answer 19

Ball → parentocracy makes it appear all have the same choice but in reality MC parents have more of an advantage.
So by disguising the fact schooling continues to reproduce class inequality the parentocracy makes the inequality appear inevitable and fair.