Education with Methods in context Flashcards
what is ‘Social Cohesion’?
the bonds that bring people together into a united society
what is ‘hidden curriculum’?
The covert way in which schools teach children things that are not so much in the formal content of the subject.
What is ‘Social Solidarity’?
The cohesion between individuals in a society that ensures social order and stability
what are ‘particularistic values’?
Values that prioritize personal relationships
what are ‘universalistic values’?
Values that apply equally to all members of society, regardless of who you are
what is a ‘Meritocracy’?
A society in which people can achieve a certain status through hard work and their own merit
what is ‘Human Capital’?
The knowledge and skills possessed by a workforce that increases that workforce’s value to employers.// The intangible economic value of a worker’s experience and skills.
What is the (summarized) functionalist view on education?
They see education as an important agency of socialization, helping to maintain social stability through the development of value consensus and social cohesion.
Education is seen as playing a key role in preparing young people for adulthood and working life, providing them the means to improve their lives through upwards social mobility.
Durkheim and Parsons also identified 4 basic functions of education (which are?)
What are the 4 functions of education?
What 2 functionalists came up with these?
- it is an agent of socialisation, passing on secondary socialisation
- It nurtures shared values
- Teaches the skills and knowledge needed for the economy
- It sorts people according to their ability and talents
Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons
What is the New Right view on education?
The new right believe schools should be centred around competition and choice, this is mainly done through marketisation. By creating an ‘education market’, schools are forced to respond to the needs of teachers, parents and pupils. They are well known for introducing league tables, GCSEs and OFSTED in the UK as part the 1988 Education Reform Act.
what is ‘Equality of educational opportunity’?
The idea that regardless of your social class, gender or ethnicity, each child should have an equal chance of being able to maximise their potential
what is ‘Division of labour’?
The division of work into large numbers of specialized tasks, each of which are carried out by a worker
what is ‘Marketisation’?
Marketisation is the goal of making schools compete against each other for formula funding (government funding).
What is the general Marxist view on education?
Marxists argue that education aims to legitimise and reproduce class inequalities by forming a subservient class and workforce.
What is Althusser’s view on education
- Sees meritocracy as a myth.
- To prevent the working class from rebelling against exploitation, the ruling class uses ideological state apparatuses to persuade the working class minds to accept the ruling class ideology.
What’s an ideological state apparatuses?
Name 3.
Things the ruling class use to enforce their ideology on society such as; Schools, Media, Religion, Law, family, etc
What’s Bordieu’s view on education?
- Bordieu regards the key role of the education system is to justify class inequality.
- He believes every social class has their cultural framework called a ‘habitus’
- He believes the dominant social class has the power to impose their habitus on the education system, essentially meaning those who come from upper/middle class backgrounds have more access to the culture dominant class.
- This advantage is called ‘Cultural Capital’.
What is ‘Cultural Capital’?
The advantage the upper/middle class have on other classes in education, as they have close access to the culture of the of dominant class; as the habitus of the dominant class influences the education system
What’s Bowles and Gintis’ view on education.
- They argue the world of work influences the organisation of education
- With the hidden curriculum closely corresponding with many features of the work place
- This helps people come to terms with their positions, reducing discontent among people
Name 3 similarities in School and Work
Authority and Hierarchy
School - Headteacher, teacher, six formers, younger pupils
Work - Boss, supervisor, skilled worker, unskilled worker
Fragmentation
School - Having many different subjects
Work - Division of labour
Rewards
School - Working harder for grades
Work - Working harder for Bonuses
What was Paul Willis ‘theory of ‘learning to labour’?
A study of 12 working class ‘lads’, where it was found that these ‘lads’ not uninterested in school and saw the whole point of school was to have a laugh and chat up girls.
Paul Willis came back years later and found these ‘lads’ working manual jobs still doing the same things which they were doing in school; looking for attention from co-workers and trying to be the manliest.
What’s the relationship between Bowles and Gintis’ ‘Correspondence theory’ and Paul Willis’ ‘Learning to labour’.
Explain.
They completely contradict each other; correspondence theory claims schools make students grow up to be obedient workers, while learning to labour proves that some student don’t care for authority and don’t become obedient.
What is a ‘habitus’?
Cultural frame work and set of ideas possessed by each social class
What is ‘Hegemony’?
The dominance in society of the ruling class’ set of ideas over others, and how the rest of society accepts them
What is ‘Hegemonic control’?
Control of the working class is achieved through the hegemony and acceptance of ruling class ideas
What is a ‘sub culture’?
A smaller culture within the main culture of society, that are some ways different
What is an ‘anti sub school culture’?
A group that’s built around a set of values and behaviours that oppose the main aims of school
What is ‘Sexism’?
Prejudice against people because of their sex.
What is ‘Globalisation’?
the growing inter connectedness of societies across the world.
What is ‘Self-concept’?
A collection of beliefs about oneself
What is ‘Self fulfilling prophecy’?
When someone starts to act in the way they’re being labelled
What is ‘Halo effect’?
Labelling someone upon first or earlier impressions.
What is a stereotype ‘?
oversimplified view of features on a social group
What did Waterhouse(2004) find?
Teacher form labels for students over a period of time, once applied they become the pivotal identity for students.
Waterhouse found that even when the student labelled as bad by the teacher, starts to behave well, the teacher will see it as a phase.
What did Becker(2009) find,
and what’s an ideal pupil
They discovered that teachers initially evaluate pupils in relation to their stereo types pf an ideal pupil.
An ideal pupil is a perfect student to a teacher, and judge students base on their ideal pupil
What is the ‘ideal pupil’, and what does it consist of?
An ideal pupil is a perfect student to a teacher, and teachers judge students base on their ideal pupil.
- obedient
- hard working
- performs well in exams
What did Harvey and Slatin (1975) find
They found that white middle class children were more likely to be identified as more likely to be successful, while teachers had lower expectations of students from poorer backgrounds.
Students who fit the ‘ideal pupil’ will be pushed to aim higher, while those who don’t wont be pushed so much
