Education, Topic One, Class differences in achievement, external factors.

Question 1

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 1

Some Cultural Deprivation theorists believe many working class families fail to socialise their children adequately. They lack the cultural equipment to achieve at school.

Question 2

Cultural Deprivation Language

Answer 2

Speech codes (Bernstein), the restricted code typically used by working class, limited vocabulary. Elaborated code, typically used by mc, wider vocab.

Question 3

Cultural Deprivation, parents education.

Answer 3

(Douglas) wc parents place less value on education and are less ambitious with their children.
(Feinstein) argued that parents education is the most important factor.
Parenting style - parents education behaviours.
Use of income -
Class, income and parental education -

Question 4

CD - Working class sub culture

Answer 4

Barry Sugarman - argues that wc sub cultures have 4 key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement
1 Fatalism 2 Collectivism 3 Immediate gratification 4 Present time orientation.

Question 5

CD - Compensatory Education

Answer 5

Operation Head Start (US), Sesame Street, education priory areas

Question 6

CD -The myth of cultural deprivation

Answer 6

Nell Keddie. CD myth, victim blaming explanation. Child can’t be deprived of own culture, they are just culturally different. They fail because ed system dom mc values.

Question 7

Material Deprivation

Answer 7

Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities.

Question 8

MD - Housing

Answer 8

Effect achievement, no place to study, effect health, cramped, temp housing

Question 9

MD - diet and health

Answer 9

Maralyn Howard - people of poorer homes have lower intake of vitamins and minerals which affects their achievement. (Wilkinson) more likely to have emotional and/or behavioural problems.

Question 10

MD - financial support and cost of education

Answer 10

Lack of FS means children have to do without and miss out on experiences.

Question 11

MD fear of debt

Answer 11

wc dont go to university because of feer of debt.

Question 12

MD cultural or material factors

Answer 12

Peter Mortymore and Geof Whitty - argue material inequalities have the greatest effect

Question 13

Cultural Capital

Answer 13

Bourdieu: three types of capital, 1 Cultural Capital, 2 Educational and 3 Economic Capital