Education Sociologists

Question 1

Schultz

Answer 1

Human capital
Education teaches the specialist knowledge and skills needed to play their part in the social division of labour
Education ensures the most qualified end up in the jobs that match their skills
Meritocracy

Question 2

Davis and Moore

Answer 2

Education as a device for selection and role allocation
New vocationalism aims to provide society with skilled workforce
Create schemes within the education system that prepare students for workforce

Question 3

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 3

Education legitimated class inequalities by reproducing ideas that disguise the truth
Suggest capitalism requires a workforce with the behaviour and personality suited to their role
Schools parallel the workforce

Question 4

Bowles and Gintis research

Answer 4

Looked at 237 high school students
Schools reward submissive, compliant workers
Punished defiant behaviour

Question 5

Gramsci

Answer 5

Rejected economic determinism as an explanation of social change
The proletariat have dual consciousness
Ideas are not only influenced by the bourgeoisie ideology but also by material conditions of their life
Aware of exploitation

Question 6

Bernstein and Douglas

Answer 6

Found that middle class mothers are more likely to choose toys that encourage thinking and reasoning and this prepares them for educational success

Question 7

Tanner

Answer 7

Material deprivation
Found that cost of educational necessities such as transport, books and uniforms place heavy burden on families
Poor children have to make do with hand me down and cheaper less fashionable equipment

Question 8

Peter Robinson (material deprivation evaluation)

Answer 8

Argues that tackling child poverty would be the most effective way to boost achievement

Question 9

Engelmann and Bereiter

Answer 9

Language used by working class families is deficient
As a result they fail to develop the necessary language skills and grow up incapable of abstract thinking

Question 10

Hymann

Answer 10

That the values of lower class reflect a self imposed barrier to educational success
Believe they have less chance of achieving individual success and so see no point of education

Question 11

Becker labelling research

Answer 11

Interviewing 60 high school teachers he found that they had an “ideal pupil”
Judged according to how closely students fitted the image
White, middle class, boy

Question 12

Rist labelling research

Answer 12

Primary school teachers used students backgrounds to place them in separate groups
Fast learners were “tigers”
Less able were “clowns”
Working class tended to be “clowns”

Question 13

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Answer 13

Told a school they had a test designed to identify “Spurters”
Then selected 20% of students at random as “Spurters”
47% of the “Spurters” showed significant progress

Question 14

Margaret Fuller

Answer 14

Black girls in a comprehensive London school
Labelled as low achievers
Their response was to prove the teachers wrong

Question 15

Gilborn and Youdell

Answer 15

Argue that publishing league tables lead to the “A-C economy”
This is a system in which schools ration their time and effort on those pupils they perceive as having the potential to get five A-C’s at GCSE

Question 16

Arnott

Answer 16

Suggests that the media have created a negative anti-school role for black pupils

Question 17

Bowlker

Answer 17

Argues that there’s a lack of standard English in Barme cultures and backgrounds this in turn creates a huge barrier to UK education

Question 18

Douglas

Answer 18

Working class parents place less value on education

Question 19

Archer

Answer 19

Nike identities
Pupils investing in style to gain class worth

Question 20

Haywood and Ghail

Answer 20

Teachers scolded boys for behaving like girls
Ignored boys verbal abuse of girls
Blamed girls for attending this abuse

Male teachers tend to teach STEM subjects
Women teachers tend to teach humanities

Question 21

Kelly

Answer 21

Argued science is seen as a boys subject as teachers tend to be men
Examples in textbooks tend to focus more on male experiences
Boys dominate the lab in science lessons

Question 22

Colley

Answer 22

Computer science is seen as a boy’s subject
It is taught with less group work which is off putting to women