Education: Social class and education internal factors

Question 1

Becker

Answer 1

Interviewed 60 high school teachers on the way pupils are labelled and how it affects their behaviour. 
- Middle class more likely to be labelled positively and meet the description of the ideal pupil. w/c opposite. Teachers see some children as angels due to being positively labelled which then leads to the halo effect.

Question 2

Criticism of Becker by Hemple Jorgensen

Answer 2

Labelling depends on students behaviour, well-behaved working class student can be labelled positively also

Question 3

Dunne and Gazeley

Answer 3

Researched 9 state high schools in England and found:

• Teachers label w/c negatively
• Have a stereotypical view on w/c parents who are labelled ‘unconcerned.’
• m/c parents are more likely to be told about concerns of the child as they are more likely to take action
• Not only are students labelled but also families
• No point taking action on w/c

Question 4

Rist

Answer 4

Studied nurseries and found teachers labelled children according to their class within only 8 days, seating plan based on class w/c= clowns m/c= Tigers.

Question 5

Keddie

Answer 5

Teachers label knowledge eg have seats or seating plans higher sets get taught further detail which is not taught to lower sets who miss out and are restricted to knowledge and fail to do well in exams as a result. Also self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Answer 6

Research on study of labelling by fake IQ test

Question 7

setting and streaming

Answer 7

Setting: Refers to placing students into classes by ability, but in relation to each subject so a student can be top set for maths, but bottom set for English so set they are in changes between subjects.

Streaming: Refers to placing students into classes by ability then teaching each class separately from the others in all subjects

Question 8

Pupil Subculture

Answer 8

A group that have different norms and values to mainstream norms and values. They form due to labelling or as a result of streaming

Question 9

Lacey

Answer 9

Studied grammar school boys who though are supposed to be smart still get streamed. Found that:
- m/c higher sets
- w/c lower sets
This cause w/c boys to become polarised and from Anti-school subculture causing them to fail m/c formed pro-school subculture and did better due to being in higher sets

Crit: Deterministic and no girls

Question 10

Ball

Answer 10

same as lacey but in mix school

Question 11

Hargreaves

Answer 11

Edu system makes w/c children fail and they experience triple failure 
- fail 11+ exams
- get put in low sets
- get labelled negatively
Fail due to edu system failing them

Question 12

Woods and Furlong

Answer 12

Too simple to be put in 2 subcultures 4 different subcultures are formed:

• Ingratiation (nerds)
• Ritualism (middle)
• Retrealism (daydream)
• Rebellion (rejection of school)