Education in 60's and 70's, Economy and Church

Question 1

Key decisions made in 1960’s and 70’s regarding education

Answer 1

• Early 1960s Paddy Hillery(FF)
• Creation of Regional Technical Colleges
• 1966 - Donogh O’Malley T.D. the Minister for
  Education
• Free School Bus and Free Second Level Education for
  schools that wished to participate – from 1967

Question 2

Positive effects these decisions made regarding education

Answer 2

Annual increase of 15,000 pupils
104,000 to 144,000 secondary school pupils (1966-1969)
School Leaving Age – Rose to 15 in 1972
Network of Regional Technical Colleges (the IT sector) established from 1970 onwards
Changes were the impetus for opening up access to education which would eventually filter through to third level…

Question 3

Describe Economic Modernization in Ireland in the 1950’s

Answer 3

Late 1950s onwards…
‘Industrialization by Invitation’ (O’Leary 2015)
1960s: Foreign Companies Establish in Ireland
Pfizer (1969), GE(General Electric) (1963)
New Employment in 1960s: 70% from FDI firms
(Paul Donnelly – TU Dublin, 2013 – Irish Times – “How Foreign Firms Transformed Ireland’s Domestic Economy”

Question 4

Move from Rural to Urban Population Centers(Precent population)

Answer 4

1926 - 68% rural, 32% urban
1981- 44% rural, 56% urban

Question 5

Trends of the economic modernization

Answer 5

Opening of economy
Moving towards – engagement in ‘common market’ & to join the EEC (EU)
GDP growth: 4.4% average per year from 1960- 1973
Economy moves from agriculture to industry and services

Question 6

The pressure for change in modern ireland

Answer 6

Late 1960s…discourse on rights was evolving
* Shaping the agenda for the following two decades
* Morality wars of the 1980s emerge (contraception, divorce, abortion, sexual values)…
* While material deprivation persisted as a symptom of an underdeveloped welfare state…

Question 7

Wider Context for change around the world

Answer 7

• 1968 student revolts in Paris
• Prague Spring: Revolt against Soviet rule
• Civil Rights in the USA: Campaign for racial equality
• Concepts of Rights and Justice entered Social Policy debates… like gender equality and social justice

Question 8

New Perspectives of the 1960s – then nature and experience of poverty

Answer 8

• UK: Peter Townsend and Brian Abel-Smith 1965 –
  ‘The Poor and the Poorest’
• Changing analyses of poverty measurements
• Move away from “absolute” poverty – look at Relative Deprivation Rates
• Ireland: Ó Cinnéide (1972) found that at least 24% of the population fell below the poverty line (Dukelow and Considine, 2017)

Question 9

Report from NESC –(National Economic and Social Council)
1978.

Answer 9

1. Services for all… ‘traditional “universal” services, [that] fall into distinct patterns’
2. Means-tested Services – based on need based on income assessment…
3. Services were need is not measured by a means- test…