education Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Marxism

A

Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx, which examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism.

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2
Q

What is capitalism

A

an economic system. In it the government plays a secondary role. People and companies make most of the decisions, and own most of the property. … The means of production are largely or entirely privately owned (by individuals or companies) and operated for profit.

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3
Q

Who were the main Marxists

A

Althusser, Bowles and Gingis, Willis

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4
Q

What was Althusser’s beliefs

A

Education reproduces class inequality by failing poor people each year

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5
Q

Evaluation of Althusser

A

Ignores other non class inequalities and doesn’t explain how these inequalities are reproduced.

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6
Q

What was Bowles and Gintis’ beliefs

A

They think that capitalism requires a work force with the kind of attitudes best suited to their roles.

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7
Q

Bowles and Gintis evaluation

A

“Myth making machine”- designed to justify inequality by promoting the idea that failure is due to lack of hard work rather than inequalities- meritocracy

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8
Q

Willis’ beliefs

A

Counter cultures- groups of people which rebel against the rules of institutions

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9
Q

Willis evaluation

A

He romanticises counter culture groups and makes them seem like heroes. His study was on a small scale so the results were not representative.

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10
Q

Who are the proletariat

A

The working class

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11
Q

Who are the bourgeoisie

A

Ruling minority like business owners

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12
Q

Repressive state apparatus

A

They control the working class by physical control through institutions like the police and military

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13
Q

Ideological state apparatus

A

Control over the way the working class think which is done through dominant ideology (no force used) like family, religion and education

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14
Q

Correspondence principle

A

Education mirrors the world of work e.g. teachers + students is an example of hierarchy

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15
Q

What did Durkheim believe(Marxist)

A

Social solidarity- education system creates this by transmitting societies culture and shared beliefs/ values to young people in the subjects they study
Specialist skills- “society in a miniature” prepares us for life by teaching us key social and work based skills

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16
Q

What did Parsons believe (functionalism)

A
Particularistic standards (children are judged only by their families expectations 
Status in society is purely ascribed
17
Q

Davis and Moore’s beliefs (functionalism)

A

Role allocation- education is a device for selection but they focus on the relationship between education and social inequality
“Sifts and sorts” people according to ability
Human capital- what skills people possess to ensure the right job goes to the right person

18
Q

Neo-liberalism

A

the belief that the state should not be expected to provide services such as education, healthcare and benefits.

19
Q

What neo-liberalist believe/ what they agree with

A

Some people are naturally more talented then others
Education should be run on meritocratic principles such as competition
Education should socialise students into shared values

20
Q

Current problems with education

A

To much state control which has a result in economic decline
Education has taken a one size fits all approach which does not meet individuals needs
Lower standards state- run schools are not accountable for those who use them so schools who get poor results stay the same as they do not listen to the consumers needs