Class Inequalities Internal & External Flashcards
Language
Restricted code- used by the W.C, limited vocabulary context bound
Elaborated code- used by the M.C, teacher and tests, complex sentences, context free
How does restricted code cause underachievement
Elaborated code is used by teachers and tests which makes w.c students feel excluded
The elaborated code allows m.c students to reason and express thoughts clearly which makes them feel at home
Parents education
Working class parents places less value on education
Middle class parents are better educated which gives their children advantages
Parenting style
M.C parents have consistent discipline and high expectations whilst W.C parents use harsh discipline which prevents their children learning self control
Parents educational behaviour
Educated parents are more aware of what is needed to assist their children e.g better contact with school and better expert advice
Use of income
The educated parents spend their money on ways that help their children’s educational purposes e.g resources for school
Fatalistic
give up, lack enthusiasm
Immediate gratification
Want rewards as soon as possible
Present time oriented
Only focused on now and don’t think about the future
Collectivism
Putting everyone before themselves
Control
Feel like they can control their future
Deferred gratification
Make sacrifices now for a better long term life
Future oriented
Have an idea of what they want to be in the future
Individualist
Make sure they put their needs above others
Housing
Poor housing can cause illnesses due to damp and cold environments and over crowding means there is no space for education at home
Diet and health
W.C parents may not be able to afford the necessary food which has the right vitamins, nutrients and minerals for energy to concentrate or even attend school
Financial support and the cost of education
Families with less money don’t have the finance to afford school equipment such as uniform, books and even school trips. There fore they buy cheaper options which results in other students bullying them.
Fear of debt
W.C students worry about how they are going to afford university so they do not see this as a future opportunity
Labelling
School teacher judge pupils according to how they fit the ideal student. Other teachers use information about students home backgrounds and appearance to place them into separate groups. W.C schools defined students in terms of behaviour instead of skill and vice versa for a M.C school. Teachers normalise the underachievement of W.C
S.F.P
A prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made. Teachers will make students believe they can get a certain grade and then that student will work hard to achieve that grade.
Streaming
Separating children into different groups and classes with different difficulties. M.C tend to be in a higher stream whilst W.C students are set into a lower stream where they get the message that teachers don’t expect them to do well
A-to-c economy- league tables shows how well schools do with grades so parents will choose the schools with better results
Pupil subculture
A group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns
Differentiation
teachers categories pupils according to how the perceive ability
Polarisation
Pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite poles or extremes
