Education Flashcards
Globalisation
The coming together of different cultures
“Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness of societies” - Anthony Giddens
Meritocracy
The idea that if you work hard you can achieve. Functionalists believe that education socialises children to accept meritocracy
Specialised skills
The skills we gain from going to school which are required for society and also for specific occupations
Particularistic standards
Standards which only apply within your home
Universalistic standards
Standards which apply to all, including outside of the home
ISA
Ideological State Apparatus - Louis Althusser
Part of society which keeps the bourgeoisie in power by reproducing and justifying inequalities
Correspondence principle
The idea that the things we do in school correspond with the way we are expected to be in the working world
Marketisation of education
The creation of competition between schools in the educational workplace to raise standards and performance
Parentocracy
The idea that the parents can choose which school their children attend
The hidden curriculum
Messages and ideas that schools do not directly teach but which are part and parcel of the normal routines and procedures of the organisation
eg. attendance and punctuality
Setting
Allocating pupils to a subject group
eg. a pupil could be group 1 for Maths and group 3 for English
Streaming
Places pupils in the same ability group for all subjects
eg. group 1 for Maths and English
Mixed ability
Pupils are placed into groups of pupils of all abilities
Halo effect
Positive praise given so the pupil stops trying to work hard and becomes lazy
Self fulfilling prophecy
When a pupil is acting up to positive or negative label they have previously been given
Differentiation
Process refers to the way in which teachers define their students. This is because of the way teachers perceive their students either positively or negatively
Polarisation
The way that students react to the way in which teachers perceive them. They adopt two different extremes: Pro-school or Anti-school
Material deprivation
Poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
Poor diet/health
Lack of materials
Poor housing
Cultural deprivation
The idea that working class pupils aren’t socialised by their families adequately. These children lack the cultural equipment needed to do well so they underachieve
Intellectual development
Language
Attitudes and values
Cultural capital
The knowledge of the dominant culture (higher class culture) of society
Middle class families Bourdieu
Elaborated code
Language used by well educated people. Vocabulary is extensive, detailed and articulate. Language used by school teachers, in teachers textbooks and in formal occasions
Restricted code
Language used by friends and family in an informal setting. Sometimes slang, grammatically incorrect and basic vocabulary. Tends to be used by working class.
Bedroom culture
The idea that girls are more likely to stay at home and revise
Role allocation
The idea that education sieves and selects the most talented to fill the most important roles within society
Ethnocentric
An attitude or policy that gives priority to one culture whilst disregarding the others
Fatalism
A belief in fate and there is nothing you can do to change your status
Collectivism
Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual
Immediate gratification
Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get the rewards in the future
Present day orientation
Seeing the present as more important than the future and so no having any long term goals
Compensatory education
A policy designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools in deprived areas. This policy attempts to intervene early in the process of socialisation to compensate for deprived children
Gender role socialisation
The process of learning the behaviour expected of males and females within society
EMA
Educational Maintenance Allowance
Gives money to students from poorer backgrounds to stay on in education. This was introduced as part of the austerity measures designed to shrink the size of the state and cut government spending. However, this has now been scrapped.
