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education Flashcards

1
Q

what are the external factors on education

A

cultural deprivation
cultural capital
material deprivation

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2
Q

what does cultural deprivation mean

A

lacking attitudes, knowledge and values of society to succeed
consists of:
language
parent’s education
w/c subculture

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3
Q

who came up with speech codes and what are they

A

bernstein
restricted code & elaborated code

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4
Q

explain restricted and elaborated code

A

r - w/c, limited, short, grammatically simple
e - m/c, complex, descriptive, useful in essays

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5
Q

what does feinstein say about parents influence

A

parents education/achievement is the main factor for children’s education

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6
Q

what does douglas say about parents influence

A

w/c parents place less value on education, less ambitious for their children

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7
Q

how does parenting style affect achievement

A

parents w/ higher qualifications emphasise consistent discipline, high expectations, support by encouraging exploration
parents w/ less have harsh inconsistent discipline -> prevents child learning independence, poor motivation

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8
Q

how does parental educational behaviour effect achievement

A

m/c parents spend more on resources, can understand work and help child

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9
Q

what does sugarman argue

A

w/c have different goals to m/c

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10
Q

what are the features of the w/c subculture according to sugarman

A

immediate gratification
fatalism
present time orientation
collectivism

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11
Q

explain w/c subculture: immediate gratification

A

w/c pupils prioritise short term rewards
can’t stick to long term rewards like qualifications, may not stick to school

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12
Q

explain w/c subculture: fatalism

A

believe outcomes are predetermined, can’t be changed through effort
lack motivation to work hard

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13
Q

explain w/c subculture: present time orientation

A

focus on present
don’t plan for future

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14
Q

explain w/c subculture: collectivism

A

value group loyalty than individual achievement
don’t stand out academically

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15
Q

what are the features of m/c subculture according to sugarman

A

deterred gratification
ambition
future time orientation
individualism

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16
Q

explain m/c subculture: deterred gratification

A

value long term rewards over immediate

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17
Q

explain m/c subculture: ambition

A

believe hard work and effort shape’s the future
persistence in education

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18
Q

explain m/c subculture: future time orientation

A

planning for long term success

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19
Q

explain m/c subculture: individualism

A

students stand out
achieve personal success

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20
Q

what is compensatory education

A

aims to tackle cultural derivation by providing extra resources in deprived communities

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21
Q

what is operation head start

A

develop skills, instil achievement motivation
improve parenting skills, home visits, setting up nursery classes
sesame street

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22
Q

what are the 3 names that evaluate cultural deprivation

A

keddie
tronya & williams
blackstone & mortimore

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23
Q

what does keddie argue about cultural deprivation

A

cultural deprivation is myth
children can’t be deprived of own culture
w/c are culturally different not deprived
fail due to m/c dominated education system

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24
Q

what does tronya & williams argue about cultural deprivation

A

teachers have speech hierarchy
m/c speech as highest, w/c, then black speech

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25
what does blackstone & mortimore argue about cultural deprivation
w/c parents less involved due to working long hours lack knowledge, making it harder to help child
26
what is material deprivation
lack of material necessities poverty
27
what does flaherty say about material deprivation
w/c families have more non attendance in school due to money issues
28
what does howard say about material deprivation
w/c children have poor diet & nutrition causing weak immune systems and energy levels leading to absences and poor concentration
29
what do blandin & machin say about material deprivation
w/c children behave disruptively in school
30
what does tanner say about material deprivation
school equipment costs burden w/c families
31
what does smith & noble say about material deprivation
w/c can't afford private tuition
32
what does ridge say about material deprivation
w/c children have jobs that affect focus on school
33
what does callender & jackson say about material deprivation
fear of debt puts w/c of university
34
what is sure start
tackle poverty & social exclusion family support, education promote intellectual development in disadvantaged children break cycle of poverty centres now closed
35
what are the 3 types of capital according to bourdieu
cultural economic educational
36
what is cultural capital
advantages m/c w/ knowledge, attitudes, values that are socially valued
37
what is economic capital
used to pay for activities e.g educational trips, resources
38
what is educational capital
m/c children have skills & knowledge to perform well at school
39
what did leech & campos find
m/c parents can afford houses in catchment area of desirable schools selection by mortgage
40
who conducted the study that supports bourdieu's capital
sullivan
41
what did sullivan's study find
assessed cultural capital, using vocabulary & knowledge those who read complex fiction, & watched documentaries developed wider knowledge & vocab m/c families have greater resources/ aspirations
42
what is the definition of labelling
process of attaching a definition to an individual
43
explain becker's research
interviewed 60 chicago teachers found judge students, ideal pupil m/c closer to ideal w/c badly behaved etc
44
what are the key names linked to labelling
becker hempel - jorgensen dunne & gazeley rist rosenthal & jacobson
45
what did hempel - jorgensen find
w/c school - ideal pupil was quiet and obedient m/c school - ideal pupil has personality & academic
46
what did dunne & gazeley find
teachers cause class differences normalise w/c underachievement underestimate w/c, enter for easier exams help m/c overcome underachievement
47
what did rosenthal & jacobson find
self fulfilling prophecy picked random spurters as smartest spurters significantly progressed
48
what is setting
putting pupils in groups based on ability in specific subjects
49
what is streaming
putting pupils into the same class for all subjects based on perceived ability
50
who is most likely to be in lower streams
w/c pupils
51
what did douglas find about streaming
children placed in lower streams at 8 have lower iq by 11 those placed in higher streams have higher iq by 11
52
who came up with the a-c economy and educational triage
gillborn & youdell
53
what does gillborn & youdell say about streaming
teachers are less likely to see w/c black pupils as high ability, so placed in lower streams streaming is linked to league tables
54
explain the A-C economy
schools prioritise time, effort, resources on pupils w/ grade c potential to boost league table rank
55
what is the educational triage
1. those who'll pass anyways 2. borderline pass 3. hopeless hopeless cases abandoned, focus on borderline c's to improve league table rank
56
what does lacey state
subcultures differentiation and polarisation
57
what is differentiation
process where teachers categorise students based on perceived ability, attitude & behaviour
58
what is polarisation
when pupils respond to streaming, by becoming pro school or anti school subcultures
59
what is ball's study about streaming
when streaming is removed, polarisation (subcultures) stops, differentiation continues cause sfp
60
who came up with pupil responses
woods
61
what are the pupil responses
ingratiation ritualism retreatism rebellion
62
what do all the pupil responses mean
ingratiation - being the teachers pet ritualism - going through the motions, staying out of trouble retreatism - mucking about rebellion - rejecting everything the school stands for
63
criticims of labelling theory
accused of determinsim, assumes pupils have no choice but to fulfil prophecy, inevitably fail marxists - ignore wider structures e.g class
64
who came with the term habitus
bourdieu
65
what is a habitus
way of thinking, being and acting shared by a particular class e.g preferences and lifestyle
66
how is a habitus formed
response to position in class structure m/c have the power to define theirs as superior
67
what is symbolic capital
gained by m/c pupils for recognition and status as they have same habitus as schools
68
what is symbolic violence
withholding symbolic capital from w/c pupils w/c habitus deemed inferior, lacks value
69
what does archer argue
w/c pupils have to change how they talk and present themselves to be educationally succesful t/f process of losing yourselves
70
what are nike identities
w/c seek alternative status through branded clothes approval from peers
71
what does maguire state about w/c identities
w/c cultural capital of my childhood counted for nothing in new grammar school setting
72
what statistic did chubb and moe find
pupils from low income families do 5% better in private than state schools
73
what are chubb and moe's solution
voucher given to families, used to buy education school of choice schools become responsive to parents improve product, compete for customers
74
examples of marketisation
league tables ofsted formula funding academies school choice cream skimming
75
explain league tables
schools ranked based on how well performing this increases quality of school as competition is raised
76
explain formula funding
popular schools get better funding
77
explain willis' findings
qualitative, p/s observation, unstructured interviews the lads resisted school, truant etc end up in inferior jobs willis disagrees w/ correspondence principle
78
what act brought in the tripartite system
1944 butler act
79
explain the tripartite system
grammar schools - academic, mainly m/c, pass 11+ technical schools - lower m/c / skilled manual w/c secondary modern - non academic, practical curriculum, w/c
80
a03 of tripartite system
hardworking w/c can gain good education reproduces class inequalities reproduces gender inequality (girls need higher mark in 11+ to pass)
81
what policy made education more meritocratic
1965 comprehensive school act
82
what did the 1965 comprehensive school act do
make education meritocratic, make schools comprehensive although not all did
83
what is marketisation
introducing consumer choice & competition in education provides parentocracy
84
what do ball & whitty argue
marketisation reproduces class inequalities
85
what is cream skimming
schools choose high achievers m/c
86
what is silt shifting
schools avoid less able pupils to keep high ranks

sociology (4 decks)

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