Education Flashcards
Define the term ‘formal education’.
Formal education refers to structured learning that takes place in institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities, following a prescribed curriculum.
What is meant by the term ‘hidden curriculum’?
The hidden curriculum refers to the values, norms, and social expectations that are implicitly taught through the structure and culture of educational institutions.
Describe the concept of ‘cultural capital’.
Cultural capital refers to the cultural knowledge, skills, and experiences that provide individuals with advantages in educational and social settings, often inherited through socialization and upbringing.
Explain the term ‘educational achievement’.
Educational achievement refers to the level of success or attainment reached by individuals within the education system, typically measured by grades, qualifications, and academic performance.
Discuss the concept of ‘educational inequality’.
Educational inequality refers to disparities in access to quality education and educational outcomes based on factors such as socio-economic status, ethnicity, gender, and geographic location.
What is meant by the term ‘meritocracy’ in the context of education?
Meritocracy is the idea that social and economic success should be based on individual merit, talent, and effort, rather than inherited privilege or social background.
Define the term ‘streaming’ or ‘setting’ in education.
Streaming or setting involves grouping students based on perceived ability or academic achievement, often leading to disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes.
Explain the concept of ‘educational triage’.
Educational triage refers to the process of prioritizing resources and support for students perceived as having the greatest potential to achieve academic success, often at the expense of those deemed less likely to succeed.
Describe the term ‘cultural deprivation’.
Cultural deprivation theory suggests that individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds lack the cultural resources and experiences necessary for academic success, such as parental involvement, language skills, and exposure to educational stimuli.
Discuss the role of ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ in education.
The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals internalize and fulfil expectations placed upon them by others, such as teachers or peers, leading to outcomes that confirm those expectations, whether positive or negative.
Define the term ‘compensatory education’
Compensatory education programs aim to address educational inequalities by providing additional resources, support, and opportunities to disadvantaged students, often through targeted interventions and funding initiatives.
What is meant by the term ‘marketization’ in education?
Marketization refers to the introduction of market principles, competition, and consumer choice into the education system, often through policies such as school vouchers, academies, and charter schools.
Discuss the impact of social class on educational attainment.
Social class is a significant predictor of educational achievement, with individuals from higher socio-economic backgrounds generally attaining higher levels of academic success and accessing more prestigious educational institutions.
Explain the concept of ‘educational reproduction’.
Educational reproduction refers to the process by which inequalities in educational outcomes are perpetuated across generations, as advantages and disadvantages are passed down from parents to their children.
Describe the term ‘credentialism’.
Credentialism refers to the increasing emphasis placed on formal qualifications and credentials in accessing employment and social mobility, often leading to credential inflation and devaluation of non-degree credentials
