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Sociology > Education. > Flashcards

Education. Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Formal education.

A

Takes place in classrooms with a syllabus and set content that is to be learnt and taught.

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2
Q

Informal education

A

Takes place outside classrooms at home, work or through daily interactions.

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3
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

The attitude and behaviour learned through the way the school is run and the way the teachers act, rather than through content learned in lessons.

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4
Q

Socialisation

A

The process of learning a culture.

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5
Q

Secondary socialisation.

A

Socialization that takes place after the period of primary socialisation, that is, after the basic norms and values are learnt.

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6
Q

Social expectations

A

The way in which people are expected to behave in a particular social situation.

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7
Q

Sanctions

A

Any way in which children are reprimanded or receive smth negative because of smth they have done.

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8
Q

Rewards

A

Anyway in which a child is praised or receives smth positive for smth they have done.

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9
Q

Functions of education

A

The ways in which education contributes to society.

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10
Q

Social mobility

A

The movement of group or individuals up or down the social hierarchy.

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11
Q

Equality of opportunity

A

When everyone has the same chance at succeeding.

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12
Q

Social control

A

Any way in which people are persuaded or forced to do smth.

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13
Q

Meritocracy

A

A system in which individuals reach the social position they deserve based on their educational achievements, talent and skills.

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14
Q

Post compulsory education

A

Education after the school leaving age, when individuals chose to stay in education when they could have left.

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15
Q

State schools.

A

Schools run directly or indirectly by the government.

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16
Q

Private schools

A

Schools that are not run or controlled by the government.

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17
Q

Faith schools

A

Schools that are controlled by religious organizations.

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18
Q

Selected Education.

A

When pupils are selected and (others rejected) usually on the basis of their academic ability.

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19
Q

Comprehensive system

A

Non-selective secondary schools that accept all children of that age in the said area.

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20
Q

Life chances

A

The opportunity that individuals have to improve their lives.

21
Q

Cultural capital

A

The knowledge, language, values and attitude that give those that have em an advantage in the educational system.

22
Q

Educational inequality

A

(Based on gender, class and ethnicity): when different groups are treated differently or have different levels of educational achievement.

23
Q

Positive discrimination

A

Giving disadvantaged groups better treatment than others in an attempt to make up for their disadvantage.

24
Q

Social factors

A

Things that affect life chances and life style, such as religion, wealth and occupation.

25
Q

Discrimination

A

When one group is treated unfairly.

26
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Seeing other cultures from the POV of your own, so that the other culture is devalued.

27
Q

Intelligence

A

How clever someone is; a very difficult idea to measure.

28
Q

Social stratification

A

The different levels into which societies are divided, such as upper class, middle class and working class, based on the differences in wealth, power and status.

29
Q

Educational achievement

A

How well individuals do in the school system, usually measured by exam results.

30
Q

Labelling

A

Defining a group or a person in a particular way so that a certain behaviour is expected of them.

31
Q

Streaming

A

When children are taught in classes with similar ability for all subjects.

32
Q

Material deprivation

A

Problems in the standard of living in the home background that affect children’s achievements in education.

33
Q

Home factors

A

Factors in the home background of children that affect how they do in school.

34
Q

Cultural deprivation

A

Aspects of the values and attitudes from the home and family background of some children that prevent them from achieving in education.

35
Q

Immediate gratification

A

Having short term aims and wanting rewards straight away.

36
Q

Deferred gratification.

A

Having long term aims and being willing to postpone rewards.

37
Q

Restricted Code

A

A form of language only used with friends and family where there are shared meanings compared to the elaborated code it is informal.

38
Q

Elaborated code

A

A form of language used in careful explanations, detail and formal contexts such as examinations.

39
Q

Schools factors

A

Factors at school that affect children’s educational achievements.

40
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy.

A

When someone acts in a way they are expected to, making the expectation come true.

41
Q

Self negating prophecy.

A

When a pupil is labelled unable to do smth but rather then accepting the label the fight it by setting to prove the label wrong and succeeding.

42
Q

Setting

A

When children are taught in classes of similar ability for a particular subject.

43
Q

Single sex schools

A

Schools that take either only girls or boys.

44
Q

Anti school subcultures

A

The norms and values of a group of pupils that reject the school’s values

45
Q

Culture of masculinity

A

The norms and values that involve supposedly masculine characteristics, for example, preferring sports over reading.

46
Q

Social conformity

A

Fitting in with social expectations for behaviour.

47
Q

IQ tests

A

Intelligence Quotient tests that involve answering Qs that are then used to work out a score that indicates how intelligent the person is.

48
Q

Official curriculum

A

The subjects, lessons and their content.

49
Q

Vocationalism

A

Vocational education prepares people for work/trains them for particular jobs/careers.

Sociology (4 decks)

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