Education. Flashcards
Formal education.
Takes place in classrooms with a syllabus and set content that is to be learnt and taught.
Informal education
Takes place outside classrooms at home, work or through daily interactions.
Hidden curriculum
The attitude and behaviour learned through the way the school is run and the way the teachers act, rather than through content learned in lessons.
Socialisation
The process of learning a culture.
Secondary socialisation.
Socialization that takes place after the period of primary socialisation, that is, after the basic norms and values are learnt.
Social expectations
The way in which people are expected to behave in a particular social situation.
Sanctions
Any way in which children are reprimanded or receive smth negative because of smth they have done.
Rewards
Anyway in which a child is praised or receives smth positive for smth they have done.
Functions of education
The ways in which education contributes to society.
Social mobility
The movement of group or individuals up or down the social hierarchy.
Equality of opportunity
When everyone has the same chance at succeeding.
Social control
Any way in which people are persuaded or forced to do smth.
Meritocracy
A system in which individuals reach the social position they deserve based on their educational achievements, talent and skills.
Post compulsory education
Education after the school leaving age, when individuals chose to stay in education when they could have left.
State schools.
Schools run directly or indirectly by the government.
Private schools
Schools that are not run or controlled by the government.
Faith schools
Schools that are controlled by religious organizations.
Selected Education.
When pupils are selected and (others rejected) usually on the basis of their academic ability.
Comprehensive system
Non-selective secondary schools that accept all children of that age in the said area.
Life chances
The opportunity that individuals have to improve their lives.
Cultural capital
The knowledge, language, values and attitude that give those that have em an advantage in the educational system.
Educational inequality
(Based on gender, class and ethnicity): when different groups are treated differently or have different levels of educational achievement.
Positive discrimination
Giving disadvantaged groups better treatment than others in an attempt to make up for their disadvantage.
Social factors
Things that affect life chances and life style, such as religion, wealth and occupation.
Discrimination
When one group is treated unfairly.
Ethnocentrism
Seeing other cultures from the POV of your own, so that the other culture is devalued.
Intelligence
How clever someone is; a very difficult idea to measure.
Social stratification
The different levels into which societies are divided, such as upper class, middle class and working class, based on the differences in wealth, power and status.
Educational achievement
How well individuals do in the school system, usually measured by exam results.
Labelling
Defining a group or a person in a particular way so that a certain behaviour is expected of them.
Streaming
When children are taught in classes with similar ability for all subjects.
Material deprivation
Problems in the standard of living in the home background that affect children’s achievements in education.
Home factors
Factors in the home background of children that affect how they do in school.
Cultural deprivation
Aspects of the values and attitudes from the home and family background of some children that prevent them from achieving in education.
Immediate gratification
Having short term aims and wanting rewards straight away.
Deferred gratification.
Having long term aims and being willing to postpone rewards.
Restricted Code
A form of language only used with friends and family where there are shared meanings compared to the elaborated code it is informal.
Elaborated code
A form of language used in careful explanations, detail and formal contexts such as examinations.
Schools factors
Factors at school that affect children’s educational achievements.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
When someone acts in a way they are expected to, making the expectation come true.
Self negating prophecy.
When a pupil is labelled unable to do smth but rather then accepting the label the fight it by setting to prove the label wrong and succeeding.
Setting
When children are taught in classes of similar ability for a particular subject.
Single sex schools
Schools that take either only girls or boys.
Anti school subcultures
The norms and values of a group of pupils that reject the school’s values
Culture of masculinity
The norms and values that involve supposedly masculine characteristics, for example, preferring sports over reading.
Social conformity
Fitting in with social expectations for behaviour.
IQ tests
Intelligence Quotient tests that involve answering Qs that are then used to work out a score that indicates how intelligent the person is.
Official curriculum
The subjects, lessons and their content.
Vocationalism
Vocational education prepares people for work/trains them for particular jobs/careers.
