Culture, Identity and Socialisation Flashcards
Culture?
The way of life of a society.
Beliefs?
Statements that people hold to be true.
Symbols?
Anything that carries a particular meaning for a group of people/ culture.
Language?
A system of symbols that make sounds and words allowing people to communicate with one another.
Norms?
Behaviour seen as normal in a culture or subculture.
. Mores: Norms that widely observed and carry a sense of right and wrong.
. Folkways: Norms for routine and casual interaction.
Customs?
Norms that are widely accepted and carry over a long time.
Values?
Standards used by a society to judge whether a behviour is right or wrong.
Social interaction?
Any situayion in which two or more people have social contact with one another.
Status?
A position that someone has in society. This can be ascribed or achieved.
Law?
Rules that are inforced through formals mean.
stereotypes?
the attributes that people think (often wrongly) characterise a group.
Role?
The pattern of behaviour expected of someone because of their status in society.
Social institutions?
Parts of society that have their own set of norms and values like family and schools.
Gender?
The roles or expectations associated with being male or female.
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Interviewer bias?
The intentional or unintentional effect of the way an interviewer asks questions or interprets answers.
Value consensus
General agreement across a society on a set of values.
Sub-culture
A group within a larger culture that has it’s own distinctive norms and values.
Youth sub culture
A sub-culture of adolescents or young adults that is distinguishable by it’s style, dress and musical preference.
Informal social control
Ways of controlling behaviour imposed by people without the formal role to do so. (Like peers)
Peer groups
People of the same status like age.
Otracism
Excluding someone from a group or community.
Agencies of socialisation
Institutions in which people are socialized.
Primary socialisation
The first and most important period of socialisation, in which an individual learns the basic norms of behaviour.
Social order
The ways in which societies and their institutions remain stable over time.
Peer pressure
The influence that peer groups have to force or persuade their members to conform.
Coercion
The use or threat of violence or force.
Formal social control.
Social control imposed by a person or an organisation (such as a teacher or a police officer) who has the authority to implement rules and laws.
Childhood
A period before adulthood, in which individuals are not granted full adult rights.
Adulthood
When an individual is accepted by their culture as full member.
Masculinity
The expected behaviour associated with being male.
Ethnic minority
An ethnic group that is relatively small in number compared to the majority in a society and is seen as different.
Globalization
The complex process through which different cultures around the world have become increasingly aware of, interact with and influence once another.
Global culture
The idea that globalisation’s result is or will be a single culture shared by people all around the world.
Diversity.
Where there are many differences.
Cultural diversity: there are wide range of differences between human cultures.
Life style
The typical way of life of an individual, group or culture.
Cultural relativism
Looking at other cultures from their own terms rather than through a western P.O.V.
Multicultural society
A society in which various cultures and subcultures exist along side one another.
Ethnicity
Cultural differences such as language, religion and place of origin.
Race
Supposedly biological differences between groups of people.
Social construction.
The idea the social events and situations are made by society and don’t exist in the nature as independent things.
Age group
People of the same or similar age sharing status and associated roles.
Elderly
People advanced in years.
Imitation.
Young children copying other people’s behaviour to learn.
Sex
(Based on biological indicators) Being male or female.
Role modelling
Acting as an example so that others copy your behaviour.
Canalisation
Channeling children towards activities considered appropriate for them. For example based on their gender.
Manipulation
Parents or others encouraging some behaviour and discouraging other behaviour.
Feral children
Children that haven’t received proper socialisation and are thus wild.
Inadequate socialisation
Socialisation that is incomplete or ineffective.
Feminity
The roles and expectations associated with being female.
Role Conflict
When social expectations for two or more roles clash with one another.
Adolescence
The period between childhood and adulthood.
Nature
The influence of biological factors on human behaviour in the nature/ nuture debate.
Nuture
The influence of society and culture on human behaviour in the nature/nuture debate.
