education Flashcards
burnstein
speech codes
bordieu
three capitals
- cultural
- education
- economic
becker
study with 60 high school teachers and found that they judge pupils on how closely they fit their idea of the ideal pupil
self fulilling prophecy
rosenthal and jacobson - iq test at school and picked 20% said they were clever and a year later over half had made significant progress
gillborn and youdell streaming
working class and black pupil in lower streams more often
criticisms of labeling
- determinism - assumes pupils that are labelled have no choice but to fulfill that studies show that that isn’t always true
- marxists - ignores wider structures of power where labeling takes place, we cannot just blame teachers as we live in a reproducing class society and everyone identifies people by how they are labelled
lacy
differentiation: categorisation of students
- polarisation : being placed in streams results in one of two extremes
- pro school
anti school
ball
if streaming is removed there would be less subcultures, mixed ability is better
however labelling would still occur because of the divide in achievement but would be less then before
woods
there is more then just two subcultures like lacy said
- ingratiation: teachers pet
- ritualism: going through the motions
- retreatism: day dreaming + a little silly
- rebellion: reject school
epstein
we boys are likely to be harassed subjected to homophobic verbal abuse if they appear to be swots which has contributed to boys underachievement
why do people view subjects the way they do
- gendered identity and peer pressure: boys get bullies for taking women’s subjects and the same for girls
- gendered career: people take certain subject because of their identity and so they then get certain jobs because of the qualifications they get
pupils sexual and gendered identities
- double standards: boys can brag about sexual encounters but girls cant
- verbal abuse: boys using verbal abuse on girls
- the male gaze: the way boys look at girls
- male peer groups use verbal abuse to reinforce their definitions of verbal masculinity
- female peer groups
- teachers and discipline
boys literacy
- gender gap is the result of boys poorer literacy and language skills
- boys play sports growing up and girls have bedroom culture like reading
decline in traditional mens jobs
since the 1980s there has been a decline in heavy industries the mainly employed boys so many boys believe that they have little prospect of hetting a job so they have little motivation and give up trying to get equal qualifications
sewell
in pursuit of equality we have abandoned men in education
shortage of male primary school teachers
- means boys have no role models
- francis found that 2/3 of boys 7-8 didnt believe that the gender of their teachers mattered
- other sociologists argue that the teachers do not need to be male to provide the discipline that boys need in school
are male primary school teachers needed tho
- Francis found that 2/3 of 7-8 year old boys believe that the gender of the teachers doesn’t matter
- other sociologists argue that teachers do not need to be male to provide the discipline that boys need in school
evans
working class girls wanted to go to university to increase their earning potential and help out their families
girls academic stats
- ks1-3 girls perform consistently better
- gcse girls perform 10% higher then girls
- a level gap shortens but girls do better
external factors on girls achievement
- impact of feminism
- changes in the family
- changes in womens positions
- girls ambitions
internal factors gendered variation in school
- equal opportunity policies: national curriculum, boys and girls study the same subject
- positive role models
- gcse, course work
- teacher attention more on boys
- challenging stereotypes
- selection and league tables
gilbourn
black students end up in lower schools because schools can choose the pupils they accept and the ones they dont so they are not accepted because of stereotypes
boys responses to ethnic differences
sewell:
- rebels: most influential group a small minority of black people who reject school conforming to the stereotype of the anti authority, anti school, black macho lad
- conformists: largest group keen to succeed, accepts schools goals, has friends in other ethnicities and not in a subculture
- retreatists: tiny minority, people disconnected from school and black culture
- innovators: pro education, anti school
gillborn and youdell teacher racism
teachers were quicker to discipline black people because
- racialised stereotypes
- this made black people feel as if their teachers underestimated and picked on them
- conflict from racial stereotypes not the students
