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Spring 2024 > EDUC 181 Exam #2 > Flashcards

EDUC 181 Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

families of orientation

A

families we are born into or raised by

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2
Q

families of procreation

A

families we create ourselves

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3
Q

extended family

A

family outside nuclear

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4
Q

responsive parenting

A

parents are aware of children’s emotions and physical needs and respond consistently well

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5
Q

low birth weight + problems

A

less than 5.5 pounds, greater risk for illness, developmental problems

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6
Q

what percent of newborns are low birthweight in the US

A

10%

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7
Q

preterm babies

A

more than 3 weeks early

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8
Q

gestational age

A

number of weeks since conception

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9
Q

causes of SGA

A

small for gestational age (weigh less than they should). maternal smoking, drug use, malnutrition (twins)

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10
Q

On average, how much sleep does a newborn need in a 24-hour
period?

A

16 hours

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11
Q

pros and cons of breast feeding/formula

A

PROS breast feeding: connection with mom, free,

formula: expensive, more consistent, bodily autonomy

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12
Q

how much sleep do 5 year olds need?

A

11-13 hours

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13
Q

gross motor skills and examples

A

large body movements: rolling over, sitting, standing, jumping, etc.

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14
Q

fine motor skills and examples

A

small muscles (hands and fingers)

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15
Q

object permanence and time frame

A

over first 6 months, recognize objects are still their even if they can’t see it

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16
Q

symbolic thought greatest indicator

A

ability to think in words and images, language development

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17
Q

cooing/repetitive vowel sounds age

A

2-3 months old

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18
Q

age for first word

A

around 1 year

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19
Q

first ___ years particularly important for brain development

A

5

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20
Q

pruning

A

synapses not used regularly wither and die

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21
Q

neurons, axon, dendrites, synapses

A

nerve cells capable of receiving and sending electrical/chemical signals throughout nervous system

axon: transmit signals to other cells

dendrites; receive signals from other cells

synapses: small gaps between neurons

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22
Q

“Naming explosion”

A

18 months to early childhood, vocab growth is rapid

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23
Q

recommended screentime for children between ages 2-5

A

one hour

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24
Q

secure attachment

A

warm, intimate, continuous relationship with parent in early months

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25
secure vs insecure attachment and results for children
secure: better in school, positive relationship with other kids, when they become parents more secure rltnship with kids insecure: lower levels of social competence, more vulnerable to negative life events
26
Define ACEs and what percent of children are impacted. Provide examples
Adverse childhood experiences: potentially traumatic events that occur in a child's life, 46.3% of children in the US.. Example: abuse, death/suicide, crime/imprisoned family, mental illness, parental substance abuse
27
persistent stress can change brain architecture in early brain growth!
28
what percent of a child's brain is developed by age 5?
90%
29
process vs structural factors in childcare
process: child's experiences in child care setting structural: features and characteristics of program
30
What are 3 different types of ECE?
ECE: early childhood education 1. public school 2. federally funded 3. private
31
How can ACEs impact the brain?
toxic stress from ACEs can change brain development, damaged/fewer neuron conncetions
32
NC childcare standards?
Star Rated License. One Star means program meets NC minimum child care req. 5 star means voluntary enhanced standards
33
define middle childhood
6-12 years
34
At age 6 most chlidren weigh _____ and are ___ in tall
50-60 pounds, 43-47 in.
35
Age for girls and boys puberty start
girls: 9, boys: 11
36
BMI for overweight and obese
overweight: BMI in 85th percentile obese: BMI 95th
37
NC physical activity and recess requirements
no specific recess requirement BUT state board requires schools to provide 30 min of moderate to vigorous daily for K-8
38
pragmatics of language
ability to intentionally use/alter language according to need and context
39
3 major communication skills related to pragmatics
1. ability to use language for different purposes 2. ability to change language to fit social conventions (classroom vs playground) 3. ability to follow socially constructed rules about conversations (eye contact, turn taking, etc.)
40
most common learning disabilities
1. dyslexia: difficulty with reading 2. discalculia: difficulty with math
41
What is ADHD?
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neurological difference that can make learning difficult
42
executive functions definition and examples
more complex reasoning/problem-solving skills, more efficient processing of information, increased memory capacity, improved ability to pay attention (around 5th grade)
43
Latin word for adolescence
adolescere = to grow to become more mature, to ripen
44
definition of adolescence
time of growing up, from immature child to mature adult
45
four transitions in adolescence?
biological, psychological,, social, economic
46
what are boundaries of adolescence?
boundaries drawn between what is considered leaving childhood and end boundary is entering adulthood
47
what are some perspectives for boundaries of adolescence?
biological, emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, social, educational, legal, chronological, cultural
48
How is adolescence defined biologically?
beginning with PUBERTY and ending when individuals transition into ADULT roles
49
What are the three phases of adolescence and the ages associated?
early: 10-13 years middle: 14-17 late: 18-21
50
What are the fundamental changes of adolescence?
1. onset of puberty (biological) 2. emergence of more advanced thinking (cognitive) 3. transition into new roles in society (social)
51
Why is early onset puberty associated with increased social risk?
too much freedom too soon, not ready for things yet
52
What are piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
Stage 1: sensorimotor: 0-2 years: senses and motor Stage 2: preoperational thought: 2-6 years: symbolic understanding Stage 3: concrete operational thought: 7-early adolescence: understand and applies logical experiences Stage 4: formal operational thought: adolescence and beyond: abstract and hypothetical
53
What are some key components of formal operational thinking?
hypothetical thinking, metacognition, abstract thinking, multidimensional thought, relativistic thinking
54
Limbic system vs pre-frontal cortex
limbic: where amygdala is, part of brain involved in behavirol and emotional responses, survival (fully developed by late adolescence) pre-frontal cortex: develops slower, not full mature until 25
55
sex ed in nc?
info on abstinence, STI prevention, contraceptive methods, sexual assault/abuse risk in grade 7-9
56
NC one of only ____ states to require mention of consent in sex ed
8
57
adolescents should get ___ hours of sleep
8-10 hours
58
what are the stages of adulthood?
young adulthood: 20-40 middle adulthood: 40-60 emerging adulthood: 18-30
59
Compare emerging and early adulthood
emerging: 18-30 young: 20-40
60
cohabitation
living together and having sex without being married
61
marriage and divorce rates on the ___-
decline.
62
3 most common reasons for divorce
1. infidelity 2. incompatibility 3. drug use/drinking 4. growing apart
63
evidence for cohabitation as protective factor?
no evidence that cohabitation is a protective factor against divorce
64
inertia theory
cohabitation has more inertia thatn dating. living together imposes constraints on a relationship (a shared lease, etc.) that make relationships harder to end
65
median age for first wedding among women in 2022?
28.6 years
66
In the US, median age of first marriage?
~30 years
67
What age group has highest unintended pregnancy rate?
women in 20s, morre common among poor women
68
What percent of women/men age 25-44 experience infertility?
12%
69
When is a woman considered infertile?
1 year of trying to get pregnant and cannot OR 6 months and cannot if over 35
70
Common reason for infertility?
STI
71
Sterile definition
0% chance of conception
72
FMLA
family and medical leave. guarantees 12 weeks of leave per year to care for family, UNPAID
73
Transition to parenthood
stressful because: communication, sharing child care, sharing leisure leads to drops in relationship quality
74
What is considered middle adulthood?
40-60 years
75
what is role strain?
when individuals have difficulty fulfilling multiple role demands
76
What is the second shift?
Artlie Hochschild: women have a second shift after work
77
Average age of menopause
51 years
78
What is menopause?
permanent cessation of menstrual cycles
79
Perimenopause
time around menopause when periods become more infrequent, hot flashes, sleep problems, etc.
80
Identity Formation Model
identities reinforced and refined with assimilation (incorporate new information to existing identity) and accomodation (alter identity based on new experiences)
81
Openness to new experiences declines somewhat with age as does extraversion
82
what is a midlife crisis?
emotional crisis of identity and self confidence
83
fluid vs crystallized abilities
crystallized: concrete accumlated knowledge fluid: creativity and flexible thinking increase fluid thinking 20-30, stable until 60s increased crystallized intelligence throughout adulthood

Spring 2024 (11 decks)

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