Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring 2024 > EDUC 181 Exam #2 > Flashcards

EDUC 181 Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

families of orientation

A

families we are born into or raised by

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

families of procreation

A

families we create ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extended family

A

family outside nuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

responsive parenting

A

parents are aware of children’s emotions and physical needs and respond consistently well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

low birth weight + problems

A

less than 5.5 pounds, greater risk for illness, developmental problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what percent of newborns are low birthweight in the US

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

preterm babies

A

more than 3 weeks early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gestational age

A

number of weeks since conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causes of SGA

A

small for gestational age (weigh less than they should). maternal smoking, drug use, malnutrition (twins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

On average, how much sleep does a newborn need in a 24-hour
period?

A

16 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pros and cons of breast feeding/formula

A

PROS breast feeding: connection with mom, free,

formula: expensive, more consistent, bodily autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much sleep do 5 year olds need?

A

11-13 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gross motor skills and examples

A

large body movements: rolling over, sitting, standing, jumping, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fine motor skills and examples

A

small muscles (hands and fingers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

object permanence and time frame

A

over first 6 months, recognize objects are still their even if they can’t see it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symbolic thought greatest indicator

A

ability to think in words and images, language development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cooing/repetitive vowel sounds age

A

2-3 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

age for first word

A

around 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

first ___ years particularly important for brain development

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pruning

A

synapses not used regularly wither and die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

neurons, axon, dendrites, synapses

A

nerve cells capable of receiving and sending electrical/chemical signals throughout nervous system

axon: transmit signals to other cells

dendrites; receive signals from other cells

synapses: small gaps between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“Naming explosion”

A

18 months to early childhood, vocab growth is rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

recommended screentime for children between ages 2-5

A

one hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

secure attachment

A

warm, intimate, continuous relationship with parent in early months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

secure vs insecure attachment and results for children

A

secure: better in school, positive relationship with other kids, when they become parents more secure rltnship with kids

insecure: lower levels of social competence, more vulnerable to negative life events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define ACEs and what percent of children are impacted. Provide examples

A

Adverse childhood experiences: potentially traumatic events that occur in a child’s life, 46.3% of children in the US.. Example: abuse, death/suicide, crime/imprisoned family, mental illness, parental substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

persistent stress can change brain architecture in early brain growth!

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what percent of a child’s brain is developed by age 5?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

process vs structural factors in childcare

A

process: child’s experiences in child care setting

structural: features and characteristics of program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are 3 different types of ECE?

A

ECE: early childhood education

  1. public school
  2. federally funded
  3. private
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How can ACEs impact the brain?

A

toxic stress from ACEs can change brain development, damaged/fewer neuron conncetions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

NC childcare standards?

A

Star Rated License. One Star means program meets NC minimum child care req. 5 star means voluntary enhanced standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

define middle childhood

A

6-12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

At age 6 most chlidren weigh _____ and are ___ in tall

A

50-60 pounds, 43-47 in.

35
Q

Age for girls and boys puberty start

A

girls: 9, boys: 11

36
Q

BMI for overweight and obese

A

overweight: BMI in 85th percentile
obese: BMI 95th

37
Q

NC physical activity and recess requirements

A

no specific recess requirement BUT state board requires schools to provide 30 min of moderate to vigorous daily for K-8

38
Q

pragmatics of language

A

ability to intentionally use/alter language according to need and context

39
Q

3 major communication skills related to pragmatics

A
  1. ability to use language for different purposes
  2. ability to change language to fit social conventions (classroom vs playground)
  3. ability to follow socially constructed rules about conversations (eye contact, turn taking, etc.)
40
Q

most common learning disabilities

A
  1. dyslexia: difficulty with reading
  2. discalculia: difficulty with math
41
Q

What is ADHD?

A

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neurological difference that can make learning difficult

42
Q

executive functions definition and examples

A

more complex reasoning/problem-solving skills, more efficient processing of information, increased memory capacity, improved ability to pay attention (around 5th grade)

43
Q

Latin word for adolescence

A

adolescere = to grow to become more mature, to ripen

44
Q

definition of adolescence

A

time of growing up, from immature child to mature adult

45
Q

four transitions in adolescence?

A

biological, psychological,, social, economic

46
Q

what are boundaries of adolescence?

A

boundaries drawn between what is considered leaving childhood and end boundary is entering adulthood

47
Q

what are some perspectives for boundaries of adolescence?

A

biological, emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, social, educational, legal, chronological, cultural

48
Q

How is adolescence defined biologically?

A

beginning with PUBERTY and ending when individuals transition into ADULT roles

49
Q

What are the three phases of adolescence and the ages associated?

A

early: 10-13 years
middle: 14-17
late: 18-21

50
Q

What are the fundamental changes of adolescence?

A
  1. onset of puberty (biological)
  2. emergence of more advanced thinking (cognitive)
  3. transition into new roles in society (social)
51
Q

Why is early onset puberty associated with increased social risk?

A

too much freedom too soon, not ready for things yet

52
Q

What are piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

A

Stage 1: sensorimotor: 0-2 years: senses and motor
Stage 2: preoperational thought: 2-6 years: symbolic understanding
Stage 3: concrete operational thought: 7-early adolescence: understand and applies logical experiences
Stage 4: formal operational thought: adolescence and beyond: abstract and hypothetical

53
Q

What are some key components of formal operational thinking?

A

hypothetical thinking, metacognition, abstract thinking, multidimensional thought, relativistic thinking

54
Q

Limbic system vs pre-frontal cortex

A

limbic: where amygdala is, part of brain involved in behavirol and emotional responses, survival (fully developed by late adolescence)

pre-frontal cortex: develops slower, not full mature until 25

55
Q

sex ed in nc?

A

info on abstinence, STI prevention, contraceptive methods, sexual assault/abuse risk in grade 7-9

56
Q

NC one of only ____ states to require mention of consent in sex ed

A

8

57
Q

adolescents should get ___ hours of sleep

A

8-10 hours

58
Q

what are the stages of adulthood?

A

young adulthood: 20-40
middle adulthood: 40-60
emerging adulthood: 18-30

59
Q

Compare emerging and early adulthood

A

emerging: 18-30
young: 20-40

60
Q

cohabitation

A

living together and having sex without being married

61
Q

marriage and divorce rates on the ___-

A

decline.

62
Q

3 most common reasons for divorce

A
  1. infidelity
  2. incompatibility
  3. drug use/drinking
  4. growing apart
63
Q

evidence for cohabitation as protective factor?

A

no evidence that cohabitation is a protective factor against divorce

64
Q

inertia theory

A

cohabitation has more inertia thatn dating. living together imposes constraints on a relationship (a shared lease, etc.) that make relationships harder to end

65
Q

median age for first wedding among women in 2022?

A

28.6 years

66
Q

In the US, median age of first marriage?

A

~30 years

67
Q

What age group has highest unintended pregnancy rate?

A

women in 20s, morre common among poor women

68
Q

What percent of women/men age 25-44 experience infertility?

A

12%

69
Q

When is a woman considered infertile?

A

1 year of trying to get pregnant and cannot OR 6 months and cannot if over 35

70
Q

Common reason for infertility?

A

STI

71
Q

Sterile definition

A

0% chance of conception

72
Q

FMLA

A

family and medical leave. guarantees 12 weeks of leave per year to care for family, UNPAID

73
Q

Transition to parenthood

A

stressful because: communication, sharing child care, sharing leisure leads to drops in relationship quality

74
Q

What is considered middle adulthood?

A

40-60 years

75
Q

what is role strain?

A

when individuals have difficulty fulfilling multiple role demands

76
Q

What is the second shift?

A

Artlie Hochschild: women have a second shift after work

77
Q

Average age of menopause

A

51 years

78
Q

What is menopause?

A

permanent cessation of menstrual cycles

79
Q

Perimenopause

A

time around menopause when periods become more infrequent, hot flashes, sleep problems, etc.

80
Q

Identity Formation Model

A

identities reinforced and refined with assimilation (incorporate new information to existing identity) and accomodation (alter identity based on new experiences)

81
Q

Openness to new experiences declines somewhat with age as does extraversion

A
82
Q

what is a midlife crisis?

A

emotional crisis of identity and self confidence

83
Q

fluid vs crystallized abilities

A

crystallized: concrete accumlated knowledge
fluid: creativity and flexible thinking

increase fluid thinking 20-30, stable until 60s

increased crystallized intelligence throughout adulthood

Spring 2024 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions