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Certamen Mythology > Edith Hamilton Study Questions > Flashcards

Edith Hamilton Study Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the king of the Titans who was overthrown by Zeus?

A

Cronus

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2
Q

What was Cronusʼ Latin name?

A

Saturn

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3
Q

After he was overthrown, what became of Cronus?

A

He fled to Italy

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4
Q

What is the reign of Saturn in Italy called?

A

The Golden Age

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5
Q

What was the name of the Titan that encircled the earth?

A

Oceanus

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6
Q

Who was the wife of Oceanus?

A

Tethys

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7
Q

What Titan was the father of the sun, moon, and dawn?

A

Hyperion

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8
Q

Which Titan who presided over memory is, in some versions of the story, the mother of Athena?

A

Mnemosyne

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9
Q

What Titan presided over justice?

A

Themis

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10
Q

What Titan was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus,and Atlas?

A

Iapetus

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11
Q

Which child of Iapetus stole fire for mankind?

A

Prometheus

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12
Q

Which child of Iapetus had Pandora for a wife?

A

Epimetheus

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13
Q

Which child of Iapetus was condemned to hold up the heavens on his shoulders?

A

Atlas

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14
Q

On what mountain did the gods live?

A

Mt. Olympus

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15
Q

Name the twelve Olympians in Greek.

A

Zeus, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hermes, Hephaestus.

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16
Q

Name the twelve Olympians in Latin.

A

Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Diana, Apollo, Mars, Venus, Vulcan, Mercury.

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17
Q

Which of Zeusʼs sisters is not one of the twelve Olympians?

A

Demeter

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18
Q

What god of wine is not one of the twelve Olympians?

A

Dionysus

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19
Q

What was the aegis?

A

the breastplate of Zeus (often worn by Athena) on which she placed the Gorgonʼs head

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20
Q

Which god is sometimes called “Dis”?

A

Pluto

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21
Q

What does “Dis” mean?

A

rich

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22
Q

Although Apollo is often listed as god of the sun, what child of the Titan Hyperion is more accurately the sun god?

A

Helios

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23
Q

Who was the goddess of witchcraft and the dark side of the moon?

A

Hecate

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24
Q

Aphrodite is usually listed as the wife of Hephaestus. When she is not, which of the Graces is his wife?

A

Aglaia

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25
Q

Name the three Graces and the meaning for each name.

A

Aglaia (Splendor), Thalia (Good Cheer) and Euphrosyne (Mirth).

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26
Q

Name the 9 Muses and their fields.

A

Melpomene - tragedy, Thalia - comedy,Polyhymnia - songs to the gods, Terpsichore - dance, Clio - history, Urania - astronomy, Erato - love poetry, Calliope - epic poetry, and Euterpe - lyric poetry.

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27
Q

Name the 4 mountains of the Muses.

A

Helicon, Pierus, Olympus and Parnassus.

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28
Q

What god presided over underground rivers?

A

Poseidon

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29
Q

What sea godʼs name means “Deep Sea”?

A

Pontus

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30
Q

What sea god was known as the “Old Man of the Sea”?

A

Nereus

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31
Q

What were the 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris called?

A

Nereids

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32
Q

What kind of nymphs are nereids?

A

sea nymphs

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33
Q

What kind of nymphs are Oceanids?

A

Nymphs of the river Ocean

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34
Q

What kind of nymphs were dryads (hamadryads)?

A

tree nymphs

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35
Q

What kind of nymphs were naiads?

A

fresh water nymphs (springs and grottos)

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36
Q

What kind of nymphs were oreads?

A

mountain nymphs

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37
Q

What kind of nymphs were the Melias?

A

ash tree nymphs

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38
Q

Name the 5 rivers of the underworld.

A

Acheron - river of woe, Cocytus - river of lamentation, Styx - river of unbreakable oaths, Phlegethon - river of fire, and Lethe - river of forgetfulness.

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39
Q

Name the ferryman who carries souls across the river Styx

A

Charon

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40
Q

Name the three judges of the Underworld.

A

Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Aeacus.

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41
Q

Who were the godesses in the Underworld who punished unnatural crimes?

A

the Furies

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42
Q

What is another name for the Furies?

A

the Erinyes

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43
Q

What does “Erinyes” mean?

A

the “Appeased”.

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44
Q

Name the 3 Furies.

A

Tisiphone, Allecto, and Megaera

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45
Q

There are two gates in the Underworld. Name them.

A

the gate of ivory and the gate of horn.

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46
Q

What comes out of the gate of ivory?

A

false dreams

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47
Q

What comes out of the gate of horn?

A

true dreams

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48
Q

Castor and Pollux also became gods. Whom did they protect?

A

shipwrecked sailors

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49
Q

What deities were known as the Dioscuri and the Tyndaridae?

A

Castor and Pollux

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50
Q

What is the Greek form of Polluxʼs name?

A

Polydeuces

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51
Q

Dioscuri and Tyndaridae are patronymics, that is, they are words that name someoneʼs father. When Castor and Polydeuces are called the Dioscuri, who is the father named?

A

Zeus

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52
Q

When Castor and Polydeuces are called the Tyndaridae, who is the father named?

A

Tyndareus

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53
Q

What were the Sileni?

A

creatures part man, part horse, that walked on two legs, had horses hooves and tails and sometimes horsesʼ ears.

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54
Q

What is a satyr?

A

half man, half goat

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55
Q

Who was the King of the Winds?

A

Aeolus

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56
Q

Name the four major winds in Greek and Latin.

A

Zephyr or Favonius - West Wind; Notus or Auster - South Wind; Boreas or Aquilo - North Wind; Eurus - East Wind (Greek name is given first in this answer, followed by Latin. Eurus is the same in both)

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57
Q

What were centaurs?

A

creatures half man, half horse.

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58
Q

Name the three gorgons.

A

Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa

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59
Q

Which of the gorgons was mortal?

A

Medusa

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60
Q

Who killed Medusa?

A

Perseus

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61
Q

Who were the sisters of the gorgons who shared one eye and one tooth between them?

A

the Graiae

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62
Q

Who/what were the Sirens?

A

creatures with beautiful voices who lured sailors to their death

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63
Q

Name the 3 fates and the job of each.

A

Clotho - spun thread of human lifeLachesis - twisted and measured the threadAtropos - cut the thread of human life

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64
Q

Besides Bacchus, what Latin name was given to Dionysus?

A

Liber

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65
Q

Who was the Roman god of boundaries?

A

Terminus

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66
Q

Which Roman god was considered a strengthener of cattle?

A

Pales

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67
Q

Which Roman god was the helper of plowmen and woodcutters?

A

Sylvanus

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68
Q

Of what was Saturn the god?

A

Sowers and Seed

69
Q

Who was the wife of Saturn and the “harvest helper”?

A

Ops

70
Q

What is Opsʼ name in Greek?

A

Rhea

71
Q

Who was Quirinus?

A

the deified Romulus

72
Q

What were the Manes?

A

the spirits of the good dead in Hades

73
Q

What were the Lemures?

A

spirits of the wicked dead

74
Q

What nymphs of springs were the Roman equivalent to the Muses?

A

Camenae

75
Q

Who was the Roman goddess of childbirth?

A

Lucina

76
Q

Who was the mother of Persephone?

A

Demeter

77
Q

Who kidnapped Persephone to make her his wife?

A

Hades

78
Q

What young child did Demeter attempt to make immortal by annointing him with ambrosia and placing him in a hot fire?

A

Demophon

79
Q

Who was Demophonʼs mother who snatched him from the flames?

A

Metaneira

80
Q

Who was the husband of Metaneira and the father of Demophon?

A

Celeus

81
Q

For how many months does Persephone remain in the Underworld?

A

4 months

82
Q

Who were the parents of Dionysus?

A

Zeus and Semele

83
Q

When offered any gift she named, what did Semele ask of Zeus?

A

To see him as lord of the sky

84
Q

How was Dionysus saved from his burning mother?

A

Zeus sewed him up in his thigh

85
Q

What nymphs cared for the infant Dionysus?

A

the Hyades or the nymphs of Nysa

86
Q

Into what did Dionysus change the pirates who tried to capture him?

A

Dolphins

87
Q

What were the followers of Bacchus called?

A

Maenads or Bacchantes

88
Q

What king of Thebes was torn apart by his own mother when she was infected with the madness of Dionysus?

A

Pentheus

89
Q

What Theban princess killed her son under the influence of Dionysus?

A

Agave

90
Q

What three deities were worshipped at Eleusis?

A

Demeter, Persephone, and Dionysus

91
Q

Who were the two children of Chaos?

A

Erebus and Night

92
Q

Who was the child of Erebus and Night?

A

Love (Eros)

93
Q

What two creatures arose from Love?

A

Light and Day

94
Q

Who was Father Heaven?

A

Ouranos (Uranus)

95
Q

Who was Mother Earth?

A

Ge (Gaea)

96
Q

What monsters, the children of Uranus and Gaea, were giants with only one eye in the middle of their foreheads?

A

the Cyclopes

97
Q

How many Cyclopes were there origially?

A

3

98
Q

What does “Cyclops” mean?

A

wheel-eyed

99
Q

What were the hecatoncheires?

A

giants with a hundred hands and 50 heads, children of Uranus and Gaea

100
Q

Who were the parents of the Titans?

A

Uranus and Gaea

101
Q

Which of his children did Uranus bury in the earth?

A

the hecatoncheires

102
Q

What Titan avenged the hecatoncheires by castrating his father?

A

Cronus

103
Q

What monsters sprang from the blood of the wounded Uranus?

A

the Giants and the Furies

104
Q

Who was the youngest child of Cronus and Rhea?

A

Zeus

105
Q

To what island did Rhea smuggle Zeus to prevent his being swallowed by his father?

A

Crete

106
Q

What monsters, released from their prison by Zeus, helped Zeus defeat the Titans?

A

hecatoncheires

107
Q

What Titan was condemned to hold up the heavens on his shoulders?

A

Atlas

108
Q

What monster was the last created by Gaea?

A

Typhon

109
Q

What hero helped the gods when the Giants later rebelled against the Olympians?

A

Hercules

110
Q

What sea was called both the Axine and the Euxine Sea by the Greeks?

A

the Black Sea

111
Q

What does Axine mean?

A

Unfriendly

112
Q

What does Euxine mean?

A

Friendly

113
Q

What does Prometheus mean?

A

Forethought

114
Q

What does Epimetheus mean?

A

Afterthought

115
Q

Which Titan created man?

A

Epimetheus (Prometheus finished the job)

116
Q

Which Titan gave fire to mankind?

A

Prometheus

117
Q

What are the five ages of man?

A

The golden age, silver age, bronze age, age of heroes, iron age

118
Q

Who was the first woman in Greek mythology?

A

Pandora

119
Q

What does Pandora mean?

A

“gift of all”

120
Q

For what crimes was Prometheus chained to the Caucasus?

A

for refusing to reveal to Zeus the name of the mother of the child that would dethrone him and for stealing fire.

121
Q

What bird ate at Prometheusʼ liver each day?

A

an eagle

122
Q

Who killed the eagle and set Prometheus free?

A

Hercules

123
Q

When the human race was destroyed by the Great Flood, who were the only two humans to survive?

A

Deucalion and Pyrrha

124
Q

Who was the father of Deucalion?

A

Prometheus

125
Q

Who were the parents of Pyrrha?

A

Epimetheus and Pandora

126
Q

How were Deucalion and Pyrrha instructed to restore the human race?

A

To throw their motherʼs bones behind their backs. The bones were the stones and they were changed into men and women.

127
Q

Who predicted to Prometheus that he would be released from his chains by one of ther descendants?

A

Io

128
Q

Into what had Zeus changed Io?

A

a cow or heifer

129
Q

To whom had Hera given Io for save-keeping?

A

Argus

130
Q

What was unusual about Argus?

A

He had 100 eyes and never closed all of them at once.

131
Q

Who killed Argus and took Io?

A

Hermes

132
Q

What story did Hermes tell Argus to lull him to sleep?

A

The love story of Pan and Syrinx

133
Q

Into what was Syrinx changed?

A

reeds

134
Q

What creature sent by Hera drove Io mad?

A

a gadfly

135
Q

What sea is named after Io?

A

Ionian Sea

136
Q

What body of water is named for the fact that Io crossed it?

A

the Bosphorus

137
Q

What does Bosphorus mean?

A

Cow Ford

138
Q

Jacksonvilleʼ s original name was Cow Ford. What would that be in Greek?

A

Bosphorus

139
Q

Io was returned to human form when she reached what body of water?

A

the Nile

140
Q

Who changed Io back into a human?

A

Zeus

141
Q

Who was the son of Io and Zeus?

A

Epaphus

142
Q

Whom did Zeus seduce in the guise of a bull?

A

Europa

143
Q

Europa was a princess of what city?

A

Sidon

144
Q

Where did Zeus take Europa (a land, not a continent)?

A

Crete

145
Q

Who were Europaʼs sons by Zeus who became judges of the dead?

A

Minos and Rhadamanthys

146
Q

Which monsters did Zeus not banish from the earth after he conquered them?

A

the Cyclops

147
Q

What Greek hero, returning from the Trojan War, encountered a Cyclops?

A

Odysseus

148
Q

What was the name of the Cyclops encountered by Odysseus?

A

Polyphemus

149
Q

How did Odysseus and his men escape from Polyphemus?

A

they blinded him and then tied themselves to the undersides of his sheep. The sheep carried them from the cave.

150
Q

What did Odysseus originally tell Polyphemus his name was?

A

“No Man”

151
Q

What gift had Polyphemus promised Odysseus?

A

to eat him last

152
Q

With what nymph did Polyphemus fall in love?

A

Galatea

153
Q

What youth did Galatea prefer to Polyphemus?

A

Acis

154
Q

Who killed Acis?

A

Polyphemus

155
Q

Into what was Acis changed?

A

a river god

156
Q

What goddess punished Echo by taking away her voice?

A

Juno

157
Q

Why was Juno angry with Echo?

A

Because Echoʼs chattering kept her from noticing the affairs of Jupiter

158
Q

With what youth did Echo fall in love?

A

Narcissus

159
Q

With whom did Narcissus fall in love?

A

his reflection

160
Q

Into what flower was Narcissus changed?

A

the narcissus

161
Q

What god accidentally killed the youth Hyacinthus?

A

Apollo

162
Q

What game were Apollo and Hyacinthus playing when Hyacinthus was killed?

A

discus

163
Q

Into what flower was Hyacinthus changed?

A

the hyacinth

164
Q

In another version of the story, a jealous wind god kills Hyacinthus. Which one?

A

Zephyr

165
Q

Which two goddesses loved Adonis?

A

Aphrodite and Persephone

166
Q

What youth spent half a year in the underworld with Persephone and half a year with Aphrodite?

A

Adonis

167
Q

How did Adonis die?

A

He was gored by a boar

168
Q

What flower grew from the blood of Adonis?

A

the red anemone (windflower)

Certamen Mythology (4 decks)

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