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3 Med > Edema and Dyspnea > Flashcards

Edema and Dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

Function of arteriolar pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

Function of serum albumin

A

oncotic pressure

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3
Q

Painless Edema causes can include:

A

Venous insufficiency
Lymphedema
Malignancy
Heart, liver, kidney disease

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4
Q

Painful Edema (inflammatory)

A 
DVT
Lipedema
Cellulits
Compartment syndrome
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
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5
Q

Common drug causing leg edema

A

CCBs
Steroid
Anti-inflammatory drugs

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6
Q

Less common drugs causing leg edema

A 
Androgens
Clonidine
Danazol
Diazoxide
Estrogens
Glucocorticoids
Oral Contraceptives

ACDDEGO

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7
Q

Bilateral or generalized edema – organ of systemic disease?

A

heart, CVD

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8
Q

Decreased albumin occurs in disease of what organ (decreased oncotic)

A

Liver

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9
Q

In chronic disease this organ is responsible for volume overload –> increased hydrostatic pressure

A

kidney

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10
Q

Type of edema improving overnight

A

venous edema

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11
Q

Type of edema not improving overnight

A

lymphedema

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12
Q

Malignancy causing leg edema

A

prostate (men)

pelvic (women)

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13
Q

Pitting edema is due to

A

Venous insufficiency
DVT
early lymphedema

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14
Q

Hall mark of lymphedema

A

Stemmer’s sign

Kaposi-Stemmer

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15
Q

Varicose veins with bipedal edema indicates

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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16
Q

When 2nd toe skin is pinched it cannot be lifted with two fingers

A

positive Stemmer’s

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17
Q

Causes wart texture with papilllmatosis

A

Filariasis; prostate/ovarian cancer

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18
Q

Scarring of the skin and fat above the ankle, usually inside surface, resulting from high venous pressure in subcut veins in lower leg

A

lipodermatosclerosis

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19
Q

Causes warm tender skin and increased sweating in edema

A

hyperthyroid

lymphangitis, cellulitis (unilateral)

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20
Q

Distal thigh spared in unilateral edema

A

abscess

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21
Q

popliteal cyst aka

A

Baker’s cyst

used in diagnosis of DVT

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22
Q

S3, orthopnea, easy fatiguability, dyspnea

A

CHF

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23
Q

peri-orbital edema

bilateral leg edema

A

thyroid disease

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24
Q

peri-orbital edema

bilateral pitting edema

A

kidney disease

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25
Q

Lipedema or lymphedema: tenderness

A

lipedema

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26
Q

Lipedema or lymphedema: thick, firm skin

A

lympedema

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27
Q

Lipedema or lymphedema: swollen feet

A

lympedema

28
Q

Lipedema or lymphedema: assymetrical

A

lipedema (usually symetrical but lymphedema is always)

29
Q

Lipedema or lymphedema: edema stops at ankles

A

lipedema

30
Q

Increased pressure within a confined area affecting blood supply post-surgery

A

compartment syndrome

Treatment: fasciotomy

31
Q

non-pitting bilateral edema due to chronic accumunlation of mucopolysaccharides

A

pretibial myxedema

treatment: thyroid hormones

32
Q

Features a congentital asymmetry of lower extremities

A

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

33
Q

Dyspnea –> Cough

A

CV dyspnea

34
Q

Cough –> Dyspnea

A

Pulmo Dyspnea

35
Q

Secondary to interstitial lung edema

A

CV dyspnea

36
Q

secondary to secretions in the airways

A

Pulmo dyspnea

37
Q

Cardiac meds that can cause dyspnea

A

diuretics
B blockers
CCBs

38
Q

pursed-lip breathing

A

asthma

39
Q

pathognomonic for lymphedema

A

stemmer’s sign

40
Q

Kussmaul breathing presence in

A

COPD and asthma

41
Q

breathing in CHF

A

cheyne-stokes respiration

regularly irregular

42
Q

breathing associated with meningitis

A

biot’s respiration

irregularly irregular

43
Q

On percussion: hyperresonanec

A

COPD and asthma

44
Q

On percussion: dullness

A

consolidation (atelectasis, plueral effusion, diaphragmatic paralysis)

45
Q

vesicular breath sounds heard in:

A

normal lungs

46
Q

bronchial breath sounds heard in:

A

normal in upper airway

consolidation anywhere else

47
Q

rales or crackles heard in

A

atelectasis, pneumonia, CHF, interstitial lung disease, alverolar hemorrhage

48
Q

rales/crackles + dyspnea

A

pneumonia, CHF, ILD

49
Q

rhonchi originate in

A

larger airways due to accumulation of mucus in UPPER airways (low pitched snoring quality)

50
Q

wheezes heard in

A

COPD, asthma

51
Q

Cardiac examination in dyspnea: observe for what?

A

jugular venous distention
ascites (umbilicus is everted)
pedal edema

(RVH signs)

52
Q

Cardiac palpation: thrills (vibratory sensations)

A

systolic and diastolic murmurs secondary to severe valvular HD

53
Q

Cardiac palpation: parasternal lifts

A

indicate enlargement of RV with possible pulmo HTN

54
Q

Cardiac percussion used to detect

A

cardiomegaly or pericardial effusion

55
Q

Valvular defect that can cause dyspnea

A

murmur of mitral stenosis

56
Q

Dyspnea + cough

A 
pneumonia
asthma
CHF
COPD
ILD
57
Q

Dyspnea + chest pain (pleuritic)

A

pulmonary embolism
pneumonia
pneumothorax

58
Q

Dyspnea + angina

A

MI

59
Q

Dyspnea + chest pain relieved WITH exertion

A

anxiety

60
Q

Dyspnea + syncope

A 
pulmonary htn
pulmonary embolism
idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
aortic stenosis
dysrhythmia
61
Q

Dyspnea + smoker + sputum wheezing

A

COPD

62
Q

Dyspnea + cough + fever

A

pneumonia

63
Q

Dyspnea + pleuritic chest pian + prolonged immobilization

A

pulmonary embolization

64
Q

Dyspnea + HTN/DM or other risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

MI

65
Q

Dyspnea + young student

A

anxiety

66
Q

Dyspnea + syncope

A

if cardiac in origin think:

valvular heart disease (aortic stenosis)

3 Med (3 decks)

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