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3 Med > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary emphysema can show this kind of chest deformity

A

barrel chest

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2
Q

chronic lung disease with R-HF and enlarged heart

A

cor pulmonale

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3
Q

Funnel chest

A

pectus excavatum

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4
Q

Compression of the heart by the sternum can have this effect on the heart

A

enlargement

displacement

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5
Q

Pigeon chest

A

pectus carinatum

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6
Q

Pigeon chest may be due to

A

pericardial effusion

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7
Q

dislocation of eye lens

A

ectopia lentis

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8
Q

Triad of Marfan’s syndrome

A

skeletal changes (long and thin)
ectopia lentis
aortic aneurysms

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9
Q

Cardiovascular features of Marfan’s

A

mitral valve prolapse
dilation of root of aorta and aortic sinus
aortic aneurysm

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10
Q

raised, yellowish, plaques on nasal portion of eyelids

A

Xanthelasma

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11
Q

Yellow plaques on eyelids are due to what and associated with what?

A

cholesterol deposits

CHD, DM, HTN

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12
Q

Cyanosis where O2 in arterial blood is low

A

central

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13
Q

Heart failure or shock causes this type of cyanosis

A

peripheral

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14
Q

Distal phalanx rounded and bulbous

A

clubbing

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15
Q

Cyanosis caused by R to L shunt

A

central

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16
Q

“tet” spells

A

tetralogy of fallot

acute hypoxia

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17
Q

4 basic defects of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

ventricular Septal defect
right vent. Hypertrophy
Overriding of aorta
Pulmonic stenosis

18
Q

5th defect of TOF making it a pentalogy

A

ASD

19
Q

Compensatory mechanisms in HF which allows a patient to be asymptomatic

A

1) RAAS and adrenergic activation

2) increased myocardial contractility

20
Q

Cardinal symptoms of HF

A

fatigue

shortness of breath

21
Q

dyspnea occuring in the recumbent position

A

orthopnea

22
Q

orthopnea suggests what

A

LV HF or mitral stenosis

23
Q

acute episodes of severe shortness of breath and coughing occurring at night

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

24
Q

Closely related to PND

A

cardiac asthma

25
Q

Periodic respiration or cyclic respiration is aka?

Caused by?

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

diminished sensitvity of the respiratory center to arterial pCO2

26
Q

Rapid breathing followed by apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

27
Q

Chronic heart failure resulting in rapid onset of dyspnea at rest, tachypnea, tachycardia and hypoxemia. Other: pitting edema, jaundice, ascites

A

Acute pulmonary edema

28
Q

Square root sign

A

Hepato-jugular reflux

pressing the liver causes neck veins to enlarge

seen in patients with R-HF

29
Q

Neck vessel easily seen in high BP

A

external jugular vein

30
Q

jugular venous pulse waves reflect

A

phasic pressure changes in RA

31
Q

JVP wave reflecting carotid pulsation

A

C

32
Q

JVP wave reflecting atrial relaxation and downward displacement of tricuspid during ventricular systole

A

X descent

33
Q

JVP wave reflecting right atrial presystolic contraction

A

A wave

34
Q

JVP wave reflecting atrial filling during ventricular systole (peaking at S2)

A

V wave

35
Q

JVP wave reflecting fall in the right atrial pressure after tricuspid opening

A

Y descent

36
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation causes what wave to increase

A

V

37
Q

Sharp y descent could indicate

A

constrictive pericarditis
or
severe R-HF

38
Q

Slow y descent could indicate

A

tricuspid stenosis
or
right atrial myxoma

(obstruction to right ventricular filling causes RA pressure to empty slowly –> slow pressure drop in vein)

39
Q

JVP wave occurring in complete heart block where ventricle beats independent of the atrium

A

Cannon a wave

40
Q

Single most important bedside measurement of volume status

A

JVP

41
Q

Why does tricuspid regurgitation increase v wave?

A

tricuspid valve is incompetent when ventricle contracts –> right atrium pressure increases during contraction

42
Q

Vein preferred in jugular veinous pressure

A

RIGHT, INTERNAL

external jugular is valved and not directly in line with the SVC and RA

3 Med (3 decks)

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