CVS

Question 1

Pulmonary emphysema can show this kind of chest deformity

Answer 1

barrel chest

Question 2

chronic lung disease with R-HF and enlarged heart

Answer 2

cor pulmonale

Question 3

Funnel chest

Answer 3

pectus excavatum

Question 4

Compression of the heart by the sternum can have this effect on the heart

Answer 4

enlargement

displacement

Question 5

Pigeon chest

Answer 5

pectus carinatum

Question 6

Pigeon chest may be due to

Answer 6

pericardial effusion

Question 7

dislocation of eye lens

Answer 7

ectopia lentis

Question 8

Triad of Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 8

skeletal changes (long and thin)
ectopia lentis
aortic aneurysms

Question 9

Cardiovascular features of Marfan’s

Answer 9

mitral valve prolapse
dilation of root of aorta and aortic sinus
aortic aneurysm

Question 10

raised, yellowish, plaques on nasal portion of eyelids

Answer 10

Xanthelasma

Question 11

Yellow plaques on eyelids are due to what and associated with what?

Answer 11

cholesterol deposits

CHD, DM, HTN

Question 12

Cyanosis where O2 in arterial blood is low

Answer 12

central

Question 13

Heart failure or shock causes this type of cyanosis

Answer 13

peripheral

Question 14

Distal phalanx rounded and bulbous

Answer 14

clubbing

Question 15

Cyanosis caused by R to L shunt

Answer 15

central

Question 16

“tet” spells

Answer 16

tetralogy of fallot

acute hypoxia

Question 17

4 basic defects of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 17

ventricular Septal defect
right vent. Hypertrophy
Overriding of aorta
Pulmonic stenosis

Question 18

5th defect of TOF making it a pentalogy

Answer 18

ASD

Question 19

Compensatory mechanisms in HF which allows a patient to be asymptomatic

Answer 19

1) RAAS and adrenergic activation

2) increased myocardial contractility

Question 20

Cardinal symptoms of HF

Answer 20

fatigue

shortness of breath

Question 21

dyspnea occuring in the recumbent position

Answer 21

orthopnea

Question 22

orthopnea suggests what

Answer 22

LV HF or mitral stenosis

Question 23

acute episodes of severe shortness of breath and coughing occurring at night

Answer 23

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 24

Closely related to PND

Answer 24

cardiac asthma

Question 25

Periodic respiration or cyclic respiration is aka? Caused by?

Answer 25

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration diminished sensitvity of the respiratory center to arterial pCO2

Question 26

Rapid breathing followed by apnea

Answer 26

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 27

Chronic heart failure resulting in rapid onset of dyspnea at rest, tachypnea, tachycardia and hypoxemia. Other: pitting edema, jaundice, ascites

Answer 27

Acute pulmonary edema

Question 28

Square root sign

Answer 28

Hepato-jugular reflux pressing the liver causes neck veins to enlarge seen in patients with R-HF

Question 29

Neck vessel easily seen in high BP

Answer 29

external jugular vein

Question 30

jugular venous pulse waves reflect

Answer 30

phasic pressure changes in RA

Question 31

JVP wave reflecting carotid pulsation

Answer 31

C

Question 32

JVP wave reflecting atrial relaxation and downward displacement of tricuspid during ventricular systole

Answer 32

X descent

Question 33

JVP wave reflecting right atrial presystolic contraction

Answer 33

A wave

Question 34

JVP wave reflecting atrial filling during ventricular systole (peaking at S2)

Answer 34

V wave

Question 35

JVP wave reflecting fall in the right atrial pressure after tricuspid opening

Answer 35

Y descent

Question 36

Tricuspid regurgitation causes what wave to increase

Answer 36

V

Question 37

Sharp y descent could indicate

Answer 37

constrictive pericarditis or severe R-HF

Question 38

Slow y descent could indicate

Answer 38

tricuspid stenosis or right atrial myxoma (obstruction to right ventricular filling causes RA pressure to empty slowly --> slow pressure drop in vein)

Question 39

JVP wave occurring in complete heart block where ventricle beats independent of the atrium

Answer 39

Cannon a wave

Question 40

Single most important bedside measurement of volume status

Answer 40

JVP

Question 41

Why does tricuspid regurgitation increase v wave?

Answer 41

tricuspid valve is incompetent when ventricle contracts --> right atrium pressure increases during contraction

Question 42

Vein preferred in jugular veinous pressure

Answer 42

RIGHT, INTERNAL external jugular is valved and not directly in line with the SVC and RA