[EDA] Chapter 1 Flashcards
science that deals with the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
Statistics
Two main division of statistics
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
deals with procedures that organize, summarize, and describe quantitative data
Descriptive Statistics
deals with making a judgment or a conclusion about a population based on the findings from a sample that is taken from a population
Inferential Statistics
totality of objects, persons, places, things used in a particular study
population
all members of a particular group of objects or people, which are subjects or respondents of a study
Population
any subset of population or few members of a population
Sample
facts, figures,, and information collected on some characteristics of a population or sample
Data
data which are not organized in a specific way
Ungrouped (raw) Data
They are simply the collection of data as they are gathered
Ungrouped (raw) Data
raw data organized into groups or categories with corresponding frequencies
Grouped Data
Organized in this manner, the data is referred to as frequency distribution
Grouped Data
descriptive measure of a characteristic of a population
Parameter
Measure of a characteristic of sample
Statistic
Characteristic or property of a population or sample that may have a number of different values
Variable
It differentiates a particular member from the rest of the group
Variable
It is the characteristic or property that is measured, controlled, or manipulated in research. They differ in many respects, most notably in the role they are given in the research and in the type of measures that can be applied to them
Variablez
first step in conducting statistical inquiry
Collection of Data (Data Collection)
A systematic method of collecting and measuring data from different sources of information in order to provide answers to relevant questions
Data Gathering
Person who conducts an inquiry
Investigator
Person who helps in collecting information
Enumerator
according to Wessel, it is data collected in the process of investigation
Primary Data
It is collected by some other organization for their own use but the investigator also gets it for his use
Secondary Data
According to M.M. Blair, they are those already in existence for some other purpose than answering the question in hand
Secondary Data
In the field of engineering, what are the three basic methods of collecting data?
Retrospective Study, Observational Study, and Designed Experiment
This data collection method would use the population or sample of the historical data which had been archived over some period of time
Retrospective Study
In this data collection method, process or population is observed and disturbed as little as possible, and the quantities of interest are recorded
Observational Study
In this data collection method, deliberate or purposeful changes in the controllable variables of the system or process is done
Designed Experiment
a method of asking respondents some well-constructed questions
Survey
It is an efficient way of collecting information and easy to administer wherein a wide variety of information can be collected
Survey
It can be administered in large numbers and does not require many interviewers and there is less pressure on respondents.
Self-Administered Surveys
process of selecting units
Sampling
also called judgment or subjective sampling
non probability sampling
This method of sampling is convenient and economical but the inferences made based on the findings are not so reliable
non-probability sampling
Common types of non-probability sampling
Convenience, Purposive, and Quota Sampling
In this sampling method, the researcher use a device in obtaining the information from the respondents which favors the researcher but can cause bias to the respondents
Convenience Sampling
In this sampling method, the selection of respondents is predetermined according to the characteristic of interest made by the researcher. Randomization is absent in this type of sampling
Purposive Sampling
in this sampling, the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each is represented
Proportional Quota Sampling
In this sampling method, a minimum of sampled units in each category is specified and not concerned with having numbers that match the proportions in the population
Non-Proportional Quota Sampling
in this sampling, each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
Simple Random Sampling
obtained by taking samples from each stratum or sub group of a population.
Stratified Sampling
a sampling technique where the entire population is divided into groups or clusters and a random sample of these clusters are selected
Cluster
a series of tests conducted in a systematic manner to increase the understanding of an existing process or to explore a new product or process
Experiment
a tool to develop an experimentation strategy that maximizes learning using minimum resources
Design of Experiments (DOE)
widely and extensively used by engineers and scientists in improving existing process through maximizing the yield and decreasing the variability or in developing new products and processes
Design of Experiments (DOE)
5 stages to be carried out fo the design of experiments
Planning, screening, optimization robustness, and verification
