ED&T Midterm Review Flashcards
What is a complication of a ppv. and should be considered anytime difficulty ventilating post intubation
Pneumothorax
A 19 year old diabetic woman who is 22 weeks pregnant, occipital headache, blurred vision, edema to hands and feet. BP is 152/94, PR 108, rr 20. Conscious and alert, and states she is retaining fluid, what would the immediate concern be?
Potential seizures
Although both considered relatively hypovolemic shock states, sepsis is different than neuro in treatment because?
Exhaustion of fluid and catecholamines prior to decompensation.
Assess for mechanical shock as possible cause of cardiac arrest by?
Palpating for a femoral pulse with chest compressions.
Asthma and COPD are conditions where in order to achieve adequate oxygenation, we may consider….QWAAAT?
Permissive hypercarbia
Avoid paralytics if you can, and do not max out on peep if possible as barotrauma is more likely in these conditions.
Causes of hypertension can include?
Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm, elevated metabolism), sympathomimetic drugs, and pheochromocytoma.
Chronic dehydration can lead to systemic hypertension without tachycardia through activation of?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Chronic or acute respiratory disease can produce predictable changes on the 12 lead ecg showing?
Right ventricular strain
CT and ultrasound have the same risk of radiation?
NO
Croup generally has_______ onset, caused by a ________ infection; epiglottitis generally has _______onset caused by a ___________infection
gradual, viral; acute, bacterial
Croup age rage?
6 months to 3 years, with a peak of 12-24 months
What is epiglottitis typically caused by?
Strep and Staph (bacterial infection)
Low BP caused by prolonged dehydration is part of which category of shock?
Absolute hypovolemia
4 different types of shock
- Hypovolemic
- Distributive
- Cardiogenic
- Obstructive
Distributive or high space shock includes?
Sepsis and neurogenic
Characteristic features of down syndrome
A protruding tongue ** (upward slanting eyes )
What are the BNP ranges for heart failure?
below 100 pg/mL indicate no heart failure **
o 100-300 pg/mL suggests heart failure is present
o above 300 pg/mL indicate mild heart failure
o above 600 pg/mL indicate moderate heart failure
o above 900 pg/mL indicate severe heart failure
Why is synchronized cardioversion of sinus tach not effective
pace maker already
Wernicke’s aphasia
Impaired language comprehension. Inability to understand.
Brocas aphasia
Inability to produce speech effectively (but still understand it).
What is the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?
A defective gene that makes it difficult for chloride to move through the cells, which causes unusually high sodium loss and abnormally thick mucus secretions.
What is the patho of TB?
Bacterium/virus that takes residence inside the parenchyma of the lungs, resulting in the production of thin but copious secretions.
Spina bifida
Spinal cord does not close properly or completes but vertebrae don’t develop, leaving a portion of the spinal cord exposed.
Sometimes indicated by blue sclera, this condition is musculoskeletal condition that is a contraindication to use of IO
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Graves disease?
Hyperthyroidism; bulging eyes (autoimmune response that causes inflammation), hypermetabolic state.
*Think big eyes saying, “we’re in grave danger”… :p
Cushing’s Disease
Overproduction of cortisol/acth; high cortisol levels cause weight gain in unhappy places, cardiac hypertrophy, high blood sugar. “Cushins for da pushins”
Please identify the largest risk of using paralysis in patients presenting with upper airway obstruction
Loss of airway patency by disabling sympathetic tone of the musculature
Labs range for mag and what does it do?
1.4-1.9; ATP synthesis
Most important consideration when potassium levels are abnormal?
Cardiac damage
Most important consideration when NA values are abnormal
neuro changes
MRI is best used for
soft tissue
A near drowning, sever pneumonia, and blast can cause?
ARDS
Potassium lab value range?
3.5 - 5.0
Sodium normal lab value range?
135 - 145 mEq/L
Signs of increased infection can include temp and/or what lab values?
Elevated WBC, C-reactive protein
In an X-ray, new air appears?
Black in colour
Burn injuries to which body areas would MOST likely require transport?
Hands, feets, or genitalia
Positive STEMI on 12 leads ECG indicates
Occlusion of coronary vessel and dissection of coronary vessel.
You’ve maxed out on PEEP and FI02, how do you increase oxygenation?
Prone the patient
