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Year Two - Dermatology > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is another term for eczema?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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2
Q

What is eczema?

A

It is defined as chronic condition in which defects in the skin barrier, lead to inflammation of the skin

It tends to follow a relapse and remitting disease course

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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of eczema?

A

The continuity of the skin barrier is defected, enabling entrance of irritants, microbes and allergens

This results in stimulation of the immune response, resulting in inflammation

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4
Q

What are the six risk factors associated with eczema?

A

Children < 10 Years Old

Family History

Asthma

Dermatitis

Allergies

Hayfever

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5
Q

At what age does eczema tend to present?

A

< 2 years old

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6
Q

What is the clinical feature of eczema?

A

Dry, red, itchy and painful patches of skin

It tends to affect the flexor surfaces, face and neck

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7
Q

What are the two flexor surfaces of the body?

A

Elbow

Knee

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8
Q

In infants, which areas of the body tend to be affected by eczema?

A

Face

Trunk

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9
Q

In young children, which areas of the body tend to be affected by eczema?

A

Extensor Surfaces

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10
Q

In older children, which areas of the body tend to be affected by eczema?

A

Flexor Surfaces

Face

Neck

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11
Q

What are the four pharmacological management options of eczema?

A

Emollients

Topical Steroids

Wet Wrapping

Antibiotics

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12
Q

When are emollients used to manage eczema?

A

They are used as maintenance therapy of eczema

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13
Q

How are emollients used to manage eczema?

A

They create an artificial barrier over the skin to compensate for the defective skin barrier

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14
Q

How do we determine the strength of emollient to administer?

A

It is recommended that emollients that are as thick and greasy as tolerated should be administered

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15
Q

How often should emollients be applied in eczema?

A

These should be applied as often as possible, particularly after washing and before bed

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16
Q

Name six thin emollients used to manage eczema

A

E45 Cream

Diprobase Cream

Oilatum Cream

Aveeno Cream

Cetraben Cream

Epaderm Cream

17
Q

Name five thick, greasy emollients used to manage eczema

A

50, 50 Ointment

Hydromol Ointment

Diprobase Ointment

Cetraben Ointment

Epaderm Ointment

18
Q

When are topical steroids used to manage eczema?

A

They are used to induce remission of eczema

19
Q

How are steroids used to manage eczema?

A

They reduces inflammation of the skin

20
Q

How do we determine the steroid strength to administer in eczema?

A

It is recommended that the weakest steroid should be administered for the shorted course duration until remission is obtained

21
Q

What mild steroid is used to manage eczema?

A

Hydrocortisone 0.5% - 2.5%

22
Q

What two moderate steroids are used to manage eczema?

A

Betamethasone Valerate 0.025%

Clobetasone Butyrate 0.05%

23
Q

What two potent steroids are used to manage eczema?

A

Betamethasone Valerate 0.1%

Fluticasone Propionate 0.05%

24
Q

What very potent steroid is used to manage eczema?

A

Clobetasone Propionate 0.05%

25
Q

What dose unit is used to administer topical steroids?

A

Fingertip units (FTU)

26
Q

What does one fingertip unit equate to in grams?

A

0.5g

27
Q

What body surface area should one fingertip unit treat?

A

The area of skin twice that of the flat of an adult hand

28
Q

What are the five side effects of topical steroids?

A

Bruises

Skin tearing

Stretch marks

Telangiectasia

Systemic absorption

29
Q

In cases where individuals are administered both emollients and topical steroids, what advice is given in regard to application?

A

The emollient should be applied first followed by a 30 minute waiting period before applying the topical steroid

30
Q

When is wet wrapping used to manage eczema?

A

It is used to induce remission of eczema

31
Q

What is wet wrapping?

A

It involves covering affected areas in a thick emollient and applying a wet wrap to keep moisture locked in overnight

32
Q

When are antibiotics used to manage eczema?

A

They are used to induce remission of severe eczema

33
Q

Name an antibiotic used to manage eczema

A

Oral ciclosporin

34
Q

What are the two complications of eczema?

A

Bacterial Infection

Eczema Herpeticum

35
Q

What is the most common organism assoicated with bacterial infections of the skin?

A

Staph Aureus

36
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat bacterial infections of the skin?

A

Flucloxacillin

37
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

It is defined as a viral skin infection caused by HSV or VZV

Year Two - Dermatology (6 decks)

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