ecumenical counsels

Question 1

first ecumenical counsel(counsel of Nicaea)

Answer 1

325
reason:
-to establish who Jesus was
outcome:
-the Nicene creed
-Arianism condemned

Question 2

second ecumenical counsel(counsel of Constantinople)

Answer 2

381
reason:
who the holy spirit was and to address the teachings of
Macedonius
outcome: established trinitarian doctrine of the holy spirit and reworked the Nicene creed to make the Nicene-Constantinopolitan creed

Question 3

third ecumenical counsel(counsel of Ephesus)

Answer 3

happened in 431 in Ephesus
200 bishops attended
reason: rivalry between bishop of Alexandria Cyril and the bishop of Constantinople Nestorius over weather or not they should call Mary theotokos(mother of God) or christotokos(Christ bearer) and whether Jesus was one persons or two
outcome: Nestorius was condemed, Theotokos was established at the correct word, and defined Jesus as fully God and fully man.

Question 4

fourth ecumenical counsel(counsel of Chalcedon)

Answer 4

happened in 451 in Chalcedon
550 bishops attended
reason: to talk about the nature of Christ, his divinity and human nature
outcome: decided he is a hypostatic union both human and Devine in one

Question 5

fifth ecumenical counsel(second counsel of Constantinople)

Answer 5

happened in 553 in Constantinople
165 bishops attended
reason: called in hope of putting an end to the Nestorian and the Eutychian (Monophysite) controversies.
outcome: confirmed Church’s teaching regarding the two natures of Christ (human and divine) and condemned certain writings with Nestorian learnings.

Question 6

sixth ecumenical counsel(third counsel of Constantinople)

Answer 6

Held in Constantinople in 680
170 bishops attended
reason: the last attempt to compromise with the Monophysites.
outcome: established that Christ’s divine nature had a specific task to perform and so did His human nature. Each nature performed those tasks set forth without being confused, subjected to any change or working against each other. The two distinct natures and related to them activities were mystically united in the one Divine Person of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.”

Question 7

seventh ecumenical counsel(second counsel of Nicaea)

Answer 7

Held in Nicea, Asia Minor in 787
367 bishops attended
reason: It centered around the use of icons in the Church and the controversy between the iconoclasts and iconophiles.
outcome: allowed the use of icons as it is the intention of the person not the use of icons