Ectoparasiticides Flashcards
Who controls all insecticides and pest control products that have not undergone FDA testing?
EPA
True or False: you are only allowed to legally use a product as directed by manufacturer and evaluated by the EPA (as labeled)
True
Which agency has higher jurisdiction, EPA or FDA?
FDA
Off label drug use is permitted if deemed necessary by which agency?
FDA
Which FDA-approved drug can you not break the package and give as a single dose?
Advantage multi
What are your oral miticidal treatment options for Demodex?
- Milbemycin (daily)
- Ivermectin (daily)
- Sarolaner (all -laners are monthly)
- Fluralaner (can be used as topical for cats - Bravecto)
- Afoxolaner
- Lotilaner
What drugs should you always avoid with demodex?
steroids - can make infection worse
What are your topical miticidal treatment options for Demodex?
- Amitraz (weekly dip)
- Moxidectin/imidacloprid (q1-4 wk application)
- Rotenone (Goodwinol) - daily
- Lime sulfur’s (CATS - WEEKLY)
What should some of your concerns for demodex treatment be?
- NO STEROIDS
- Heartworm status - macrocyclic lactones
- MDR-1 status (macrocyclic lactones)
- sedation (Amitraz)
- Local irritation (Goodwinol)
- Stink/staining (Lime sulfur)
- secondary dz associations - Pemphigus f., species concerns
What’s a good way to remember which heartworm preventives are microfilaricidal?
if their generic names start with “m” (moxidectin, milbemycin), they are microfilaricidal
How do you treat scabies?
- Ivermectin (PO, daily)
- Selamectin (topical q2 wks, DOGS)
- Lime sulfur (weekly dips) - significant antipruritic effect
- Flumethrin (collar) - “aids in treatment”
- Moxidectin (w/ imidacloprid) - weekly topical
- Fipronil (off label usage q2 wks)
- -laners (avoid in epileptics)
What are some considerations to have with flea control?
- Environmental control
- Life stage being controlled
- No other animals moving in/out of environment
- Requires 3-6 months of GOOD environmental (including ALL pets in household) treatment to control an environment
How long do topical flea treatments take to reach a steady state?
- 5-6 months after starting monthly application
- Applying topical more frequently does NOT achieve a HIGHER steady state, but does achieve steady state a bit SOONER
How do you treat the environment for flea control?
- treat ALL animals in house
- treat/wash the bedding/furniture/carpets
- treat shaded to daylight areas of the year (PHOTOPHOBIC)
- ”Flea bombs” are treating a lot of area that fleas do not get to
- It takes 3-6 months to control an infested environment
How do fleas develop resistance?
- All/most fleas in genetic population must be exposed to the same insecticide consistently (closed environment)
- no/few hosts in environment that are NOT treated
- no/minimal refugia
- +/- duration of potential exposure (older products)
How do fleas develop refugia?
- Individuals that were not exposed to the same insecticide that reintroduce novel genetic material to a given population
- Prevents development of resistance
What are some adulticides for flea control?
- Imidocloprid
- Fipronil
- Spinosad/Spinetoram (seizures)
- Nitenpyram (only 24 hours)
- Dinotefuran (smells like garlic, neurotoxic effect)
- Cyphenothrene (pyrethroid)
- Laners (seizures)
- Indoxacard (metabolized by liver of flea)
- Flumethrin
- Permethrin - toxic to cats/fish
What are some examples of Insect Growth Regulators?
- Impairs molting of larval stage to pupa
- Pyriproxygen
- Methoprene
- Imidocloprid
- Flumethrin
- Weakens egg wall, impairs egg to larval maturation
- Lufenuron - sterilized adult for 60-90hrs
How do you kill ticks?
- Amitraz - effective for 3 months (collar, topical)
- be careful with Promeris (off the market but REALLY high concentration - PF)
- Fipronil - effective for 3 months (topical)
- Selamectin - effective for 1 month (topical- DOGS only)
- -Laners - effective for 1 month (except Fluralaner - 12 weeks, 8 wks Lone star tick)
- all oral
What are some examples of tick repellants?
- Pyrethroids
- Cyphenothrin - topical
- Flumethrin - collar, effective for 5-8 mo
- Deltamethrin - collar, effective for 6 mo
- Permethrin
ALL TOXIC TO CATS AND FISH
How do you treat ear mites?
- Ivermectin - SQ in single high dose (BURNS)
- Topical
- Ivermectin single dose
- Selamectin q2wks x 3
- Milbemycin single dose
- Moxidectin q2 wks x 3
- Fipronil q2wks x 3
- Tresaderm q24h x 7d (anecdotal)
- PO
- Laners
What are some concerns you might have regarding ear mite treatment?
- Ivermectin
- BURNS SQ
- INTACT EAR DRUM
- HW NEG IF INJECTION
- DO NOT USE SQ IN MDR1 DEFICIENT DOGS
- Heartworm microfilaricidal - macrocyclic lactones
- Ear cleaning
How do you treat lice?
- Fipronil (at flea dose/strength and frequency)
- Flumethrin collar
- Imidacloprid (not approved)
- Selamectin (not approved)
- Most flea prev
all topical treatments should be given q30d x 2
How do you treat Cheyletiella (walking dandruff)?
- No approved tx
- Selamectin topically q14d x3
- Ivermectin SQ or PO q14dy x 3
- Fipronil spray
- Lime sulfur dip weekly
- Permethrin - topically q14d
- Amitraz dip weekly
- Very contagious, zoonotic
How do you treat Chiggers?
- No approved tx
- Fipronil topically
- Permethrin (dog only)
- anti-inflamm or antihistamines recommended to control pruritus
