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Parasitology > Ectoparasites of Horses > Flashcards

Ectoparasites of Horses Flashcards

1
Q

How are equine lice classified?

A 
Class= insecta
Order = Phthiraptera
Suborders = Mallophaga + Anopleura
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2
Q

What is the difference b/w Mallophaga + Anopleura suborders?

A 
Mallophaga = biting/ chewing lice
Anopleura = sucking lice
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3
Q

Describe the morphology of lice

A
  • small wingless insects
  • dorsoventrally flattened
  • stout legs + claws
  • head + mouthpart adapted for feeding
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4
Q

How does the anatomical features differ b/w mallophaga + anopleura suborders

A 
Both = head, antenna, thorax, tibia, claws, abdomen
Mallophaga = + paratergal plate
Anopleura = + spiracles
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5
Q

Describe the life cycle of equine lice

A
  • Hemimetabolous
  • eggs glued on to hair hatch in 1-2wks
  • Life cycle = 2-3wks
  • 20-200 eggs/female/mth
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6
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Infestation of eggs, larvae + adult lice

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7
Q

What can large infestations of lice cause?

A

irritation, inflammation, pruritis, dermatitis, weight loss

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8
Q

Name 2 species of equine lice

A
  • Haematopinus asini

- Bovicola equi

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9
Q

Describe the seasonality of lice

A

usually seen in winter- early spring, populations decrease in spring

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10
Q

How can equine lice be controlled?

A
  • permethrin + cypermethrin (doesn’t affect eggs = retreat after 14 days)
  • grooming, clipping, washing rugs/ equipment
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11
Q

How are equine flies classified?

A 
Class = insecta
Order = diptera
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12
Q

What are species of non-biting flies called?

A

Muscidae

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13
Q

What are the suborders of biting flies?

A

Tabanidae, Culicoides, Simulium

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14
Q

What is the suborder of myiasis flies called?

A

Oestridae

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15
Q

Name the 4 major species of muscidae flies

A
  • Hydrotaea irritans
  • Musca autmnalis
  • Musca domestica
  • Stomoxys calcitrans
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16
Q

Describe the lifecycle of ‘Hydrotaea irritans’

A
  • Holometabolous (complete metamorphosis)
  • 1 generation per yr
  • eggs/ larvae/ pupae in soil
  • adults usually seen in summer
17
Q

Which features make Hydrotaea irritans distinguishable?

A

olive green abdomen w/ orange wing base

18
Q

What are the risk factors associated with H. irritans?

A
  • exophilic- don’t like buildings
  • wooded pasture
  • adults most active on warm, overcast, humid days
19
Q

Describe the life cycle of M. autumnalis

A
  • holometabolous
  • multiple generations per yr
  • eggs/ larvae/ pupae in dung
20
Q

What are the risk factors associated with M. autumnalis infestation?

A

Exophilic, dung on pasture, population build up- most abundant late autumn

21
Q

What conditions do M. autumnalis acts as vectors for?

A
  • IBK in cattle (infectious bovine keratoconjuctivitis)- similar eye problem in horses
  • eye worm- cattle + horses
22
Q

How does stomoxys calcitrans differ from other muscidae flies?

A

they are blood sucking- have a large, piercing proboscis

23
Q

Describe the life cycle of stomoxys calcitrans?

A
  • multiple generations per yr
  • eggs/ larvae/ pupae inside liveries/ barns/ stable in soiled bedding
  • rest on warm surfaces
24
Q

What risk factors are associated with stomoxys calcitrans?

A

soiled bedding, populations build up- most abundant late autumn

25
Q

What conditions do stomoxys calcitrans act as vectors for?

A

Equine Infectious Anaemia

26
Q

Name the 4 major species of biting flies

A
  • Tabanidae- Tabanus spp., Haematopota
  • Culicoides spp.
  • Simulium spp.
27
Q

Describe the seasonality of tabanidae spp.

A

Adults usually seen July/ august

28
Q

What risk factors are associated with Tabanidae spp. infestation?

A

Most active on sunny days, eggs/ larvae/ pupae in wet/ marshy habitats

29
Q

What are Tabanidae mechanical vectors for?

A

Equine Infectious Anaemia

30
Q

What features make culicoides distinguishable?

A

tiny, brown/ black body + mottled wings

31
Q

Describe the lifecycle of culicoides

A
  • complete in <3wks
  • 1-2 generations per yr
  • eggs laid in damp compost, decaying vegetation, marshy land
32
Q

What risk factors are associated with culicoides?

A
  • dull, humid weather

- most active dawn/ dusk

33
Q

Name the species of fly that cause sweet itch in horses

A

culicoides

34
Q

What features make Simulium spp. distinguishable?

A

tiny, brown/ black/ orange + clear wings

35
Q

Where do Simulium lay their eggs?

A

On stones in running water

36
Q

How can equine flies be controlled?

A
  • Permethrin + cypermethrin

- fly sheets/ masks, dung removal/ stable hygiene, , citronella spray, traps

Parasitology (5 decks)

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