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AP Biology > Ecosystems Quiz > Flashcards

Ecosystems Quiz Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Ecology

A

a system with components and interactions

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2
Q

Define Species

A

a group of similar organisms in an ecosystem. members of the same species can reproduce a viable offspring

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3
Q

Define Populations

A

a group of members of the same species that live in the same area

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4
Q

Define Community

A

made up of populations of different species that live and interact in an area

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5
Q

Define Niche

A

all the interactions of a given species with its ecosystems

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6
Q

What are the Four Spheres?

A

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere

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7
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

made up of everything on earth’s surface, outermost shell of the earth

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8
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

made up of the water on earths surface

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9
Q

What is the Atmosphere?

A

multiple layers of gases held in place by gravity

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10
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

made up of all the life on earth

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11
Q

Define Ecosystem

A

an ecosystem is a complex system in which living things interact with each other and nonliving things

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12
Q

What is an Abiotic Factor?

A

nonliving factors or influences on organisms

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13
Q

What is a Biotic Factor?

A

factors caused by the presence and roles of other living things

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14
Q

What is Biodiversity?

A

the number of different types or variety of organisms in an area

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15
Q

What is a Biome?

A

small ecosystems that exist in larger ecosystems

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16
Q

What are the 5 Major Biomes?

A

deciduous forest, grassland, boreal forest, tundra, and temperate coniferous forest

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17
Q

What are the Characteristics of the Deciduous Forests?

A
  • found in southern and eastern canada
  • dominated by deciduous trees (lose their leaves)
  • high biodiversity
  • well defined winter and summer
  • high precipitation
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18
Q

What are the Characteristics of the Boreal Forests?

A
  • found north of deciduous forests
  • dominated by coniferous trees (cones and needles)
  • low biodiversity
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19
Q

What are the Characteristics of the Tundra?

A
  • found in the arctic
  • no trees
  • lowest biodiversity
  • permafrost (soil that never thaws)
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20
Q

What are the Characteristics of the Grasslands?

A
  • eastern manitoba to the rocky mountains
  • few trees but covered in grasses and shrubs
  • home to herbivores
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21
Q

What are the Characteristics of the Temprate Coniferous Forests?

A
  • western bc
  • high precipitation
  • warm wet summers and mild winters
  • diff types of needle and cone bearing tress thank coniferous forests
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22
Q

What are the Two Aquatic Biomes?

A

marine and freshwater

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23
Q

What are the Characteristics of a Marine Biome?

A
  • ocean, coral reefs, ocean floor, intertidal zones
  • hudson’s bay, james bay
  • high salt content
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24
Q

What are the Characteristics of a Freshwater Biome?

A
  • lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands
  • great lakes, at lawrence river
  • very low salt content
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25
Q

Define Nutrients

A

substances that an organism uses to build a repair of the cells of its body

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26
Q

What is the Nutrient Cycle?

A

the process of moving the nutrient back-and-forth between the biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems

matter can remain in one place for a long time, any place or matter accumulates is called a reservoir

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27
Q

What is the Water Cycle?

A
  1. the sun heats the surface of the water, and it evaporates into the atmosphere
  2. as it cools, it consents to form clouds
  3. then it falls to earth as precipitation
  4. as it hits the ground, it runs off or collection, streams and larger bodies of water
  5. some water soak through the soil (seepage) and collect in underground lakes, called aquifers
  6. some water is taken up by plants, this could be released back into the atmosphere by transpiration
28
Q

What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

A

animals get the nitrogen they need by eating plants or animals. when they digest nitrate, a byproduct is ammonia. bacteria and fungi and soil breakdown ammonia from waste and dead organisms and convert it into nitrates and nitrites. these are released into the soil where they can be absorbed by plants. electrifying bacteria in the soil convert nitrates into nitrogen, gas, which returns to the atmosphere

29
Q

What are the 3 Ways Nitrogen can be Fixed?

A
  1. nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil
  2. nitrogen fixing bacteria in plants
  3. lightning
30
Q

Explain Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria in Soil

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil coverts nitrogen to ammonia

nitrifying bacteria in soil converts ammonia into nitrates then nitrates

31
Q

Explain Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria in Plants

A

plants called legumes have nodules in their roots that house nitrogen fixing bacteria. the bacteria converts nitrogen directly into nitrate

32
Q

Explain Lightning

A

lightning combines nitrogen gas and oxygen in the atmosphere to make nitrate (it is only responsible for 1%)

33
Q

What are the Two Most Important Carbon Reservoirs?

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

34
Q

Define the Process of Photosynthesis

A

a small fraction of sunlight that reaches earth is absorbed by chlorophyl a substance in plants that converts sunlight energy into chemical energy, which is then used for all the processes in their selves

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight = glucose + oxygen

35
Q

Define the Process of Cellular Respiration

A

cellular respiration is the process used to obtain energy from glucose

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

36
Q

What is the Symbol Used for Nitrogen Gas?

A

N2

37
Q

What is the Symbol Used for Ammonia?

A

NH3

38
Q

What is the Symbol Used for Nitrate?

A

NO3-

39
Q

What is the Symbol Used for Nitrite?

A

NO2-

40
Q

Define Producer

A

organisms that carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy

41
Q

Define Autotroph

A

organisms that make their own food

42
Q

Define Consumer

A

organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy

43
Q

Define Heterotrophs

A

organisms that cannot produce their own food

44
Q

Define Primary Consumers

A

always eat producers

45
Q

Define Secondary Consumers

A

feed on primary consumers

46
Q

Define Tertiary Consumers

A

feed on secondary consumers

47
Q

What is a Herbivore?

A

an animal that only eats plants

48
Q

What is an Omnivore?

A

eats both plants and animals

49
Q

Define Carnivores

A

eat mainly meat

50
Q

Define Scavengers

A

a type of carnivore that eats the remains of dead animals

51
Q

Define Detritivores

A

feed on organic matter

52
Q

Define Decomposers

A

animals that breakdown organic matter and release the nutrients back into the ecosystem

53
Q

What is a Food Chain?

A

show us the feeding relationships among organisms, starting with a producer

54
Q

What is a Food Web?

A

shows complicated, including relationships, interconnected, food chains

55
Q

What is an Energy Pyramid?

A

shows the amount of available energy, the producers and consumers contain as energy flows through the ecosystem

as the food chain goes on, the organisms obtain 10% of the energy of the previous organism

56
Q

What is a Population?

A

the number of members of a species in the same area or habit

57
Q

What is Equilibrium?

A

when the number of births are equal to the number of deaths in a population

58
Q

What is Carrying Capacity?

A

the max number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without reducing its ability to support future generations at the same species

59
Q

Define Limiting Factors

A

factors that prevent an increase in the number of organisms in a population, or prevents them from moving into new habitats

60
Q

What are some Abiotic Factors?

A
  • amount of sunlight, water, soil, air
  • storms, fire, drought
  • human disturbances
61
Q

What are some Biotic Factors?

A
  • competition amoung other organisms for resources
  • presence of predators
  • reliance on other organisms
  • presence of disease causing organisms
62
Q

Define Competition

A

two or more organisms competing for the same resource

63
Q

Define Predation

A

one organism eats another to obtain food, pray animals, adapt to avoid being eaten. speed, physical defences and memory are avoidance techniques. sharp senses, type of movement, claws are adaptions that make predators more successful at catching prey

64
Q

Define Symbosis

A

close interaction between 2 diff species

65
Q

Define Mutualism

A

both species benefit

66
Q

Define Commensalism

A

one species benefits, and the other is not harmed, or does not benefit

67
Q

Define Parasitism

A

one species benefits, and the other is harmed

AP Biology (2 decks)

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