ecosystems (exam)

Question 1

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

is the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules

Question 2

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

is a chemical reaction that transfers energy to cells

Question 3

what is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

transfers energy from glucose to cells. It occurs when oxygen is not present

Question 4

what is a cell organelle?

Answer 4

is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell.
those store mitochondria, producing chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.

Question 5

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 5

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. during photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

Question 6

a balanced equation for photosynthesis would be?

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. this means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products.

Question 7

what is the transfer of energy in a food chain?

Answer 7

energy is transferred between trophic levels when one organism eats another and gets the energy-rich molecules from its prey’s body. the transfers are inefficient, and this inefficiency limits the length of food chains.

Question 8

explain a food chain

Answer 8

follows one path of energy and materials between species.

Question 9

explain a food web

Answer 9

is more complex and is a whole system of connected food chains as organisms are placed into different trophic levels.

Question 10

what is transpiration?

Answer 10

the release of water from plant leaves. plants put down roots into the soil to draw water and nutrients up into the stems and leaves; with water being returned to air.

Question 11

what is the quadrat method?

Answer 11

is a method by which organisms in a certain proportion (sample) of the. habitat are counted directly. It is used to estimate population abundance (number), density, frequency and distribution

Question 12

what is biodiversity?

Answer 12

refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life.

Question 13

what is commensalism?

Answer 13

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

Question 14

what is parasitism?

Answer 14

is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

Question 15

what is mutualism?

Answer 15

is defined as an interaction between individuals of different species that results in positive (beneficial) effects on per capita reproduction and/or survival of the interacting populations.

Question 16

what is identifying fair testing in an experiment?

Answer 16

you conduct a fair test by making sure that you change one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same; the xylem and phloem tissues and their functions

Question 17

what are the benefits of bushfires?

Answer 17

removes low-growing underbrush, cleans the forest floor of debris, opens it up to sunlight, and nourishes the soil. reducing this competition for nutrients allows established trees to grow stronger and healthier.

Question 18

what are the effects of draughts?

Answer 18

includes anxiety or depression about economic losses, conflicts when there is not enough water, reduced incomes, fewer recreational activities, higher incidents of heat stroke, and even loss of human life; can also provide a substantial increase in wildfire risk.