Ecosystems: Dynamics Flashcards
Abiotic factors
Non-living factors
Biotic factors
Living factors
Matter ___ in ecosystems. Expand
Cycles around ecosystems and can’t be destroyed
Energy ___ in ecosystems. Expand
Flows in and out of ecosystems in as sunlight and out as heat
Biogeochemical cycles
Cycles of matter that cycles from the atmosphere to the Earth
Eutrophication cause
Overload of nutrition, such as fertiliser runoff
Eutrophication result
An ‘Algae Bloom’, depletion of oxygen levels in the ecosystem and possible ecological collapse
Autotrophs
Organisms that can produce their own food, hence they also are named producers
Heterotrophs
Organisms that eat others for energy and nutrition, hence they also are named consumers
___% of the eaten organism’s energy is available
10
Animals use/last their energy for
Metabolism, movement, cell communication and lost as heat
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO 2 + 6H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
Metabolism
A process that converts food into nutrition so the organism can grow
What chemical is necessary for photosynthesis and where is it found
Chlorophyll is found in cellular organelles of plants, named chloroplasts
Why is photosynthesis necessary
It creates glucose(energy) and can be stored as starch
What role does nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle
It converts the nitrogen into a usable form
What role does denitrifying bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle
It returns the nitrogen to the atmosphere as gas
Where exactly does cellular respiration occur
In the mitochondria
Equation for cellular respiration
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy
Why is cellular respiration necessary
It provides energy for cells
Matrix
The tissue in eukaryotic cells
Why does the matrix have folds
There are folds to increase the surface area
Intraspecific Relationship
Relationship between the same species
Collaboration
Organisms cooperate to survive
Competition
Organisms competing for a limited resource
Interspecific Relationship
Relationships between different species
Commensalism
A relationship that benefits one and is neutral towards the other
Predator-prey Relationship
A relationship with a creature eaten/harmed and the other benefited
Parasitism
A host is harmed and a parasite benefits
Inhibition is aka ___
Allelopathy
Inhibition
When an organism produces a chemical to hinder the growth of another
Mutualism
When both species benefit
Symbiosis
When both species need each other to survive
Population
A group of organisms of the same species
living in the same ecosystem
Dynamic Equilibrium
The changing balance of ecosystems
Ecological collapse
When an ecosystem suffers a drastic, possibly permanent, reduction in carrying capacity for organisms.
Decomposer
Organisms that break down tissues of dead organisms which returns the nitrogen to the soil
