Body Systems: Systems Flashcards
The nervous system is split into ___
The peripheral and central nervous system
What are the components of the CNS
The brain and the spinal cord
What does CNS stand for
Central Nervous System
What does PNS stand for
Peripheral Nervous System
The role of the Nervous System
The nervous system detects and responds to certain stimuli. The nervous system also transmits information.
Neuron
A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system
Nerve
A bundle of neurons
Role of dendrites
Receive information and passes it to the cell body.
Role of the cell body
Holds special substructures, receives from the dendrites and passes it on through its axon
Role of the myelin sheath
Speed up a nerve impulse along an axon by controlling its path
Role of the axon
Transmits information to other neurons
The cell body is aka ___
Soma
Impulses
Messages that travel along neurons
Do nerve cells touch
No
What is the gap between neurons called
Synaptic gap
What is the point of communication between neurons called
Synapse
What does the synapse consist of
Synaptic terminal, synaptic gap and the dendrites
Role of the synaptic terminal
Contains the chemicals needed to transform the messages into neurotransmitters
What happens when an impulse reaches a synaptic gap
The synaptic terminals release neurotransmitters which creates a new impulse, thus continuing the message
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messages
What neurons are found in the PNS
Sensory and motor neurons
What neurons are found in the CNS
Interneurons
Role of sensory neurons
Collect information from inside and outside the body
Role of interneurons
Receives information from sensory neurons
Role of motor neurons
Connects to effectors to carry out the response
Effectors
Muscles or endocrine glands
Role of the frontal lobe
Emotion, reasoning, movement and problem-solving
Role of the parietal lobe
Manages the perception of the 5 senses
Role of the occipital lobe
Responsible for vision
Role of the temporal lobe
Recognition of sounds and smells
Is reflex actions voluntary. Why
No, as the impulse never reaches the brain instead it just goes to the spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system includes what systems
Somatic and autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system control
The somatic nervous system controls the voluntary skeletal or muscle movements
What does the autonomic nervous system control
The autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary actions and the body’s internal environment
The autonomic nervous system includes the ___
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Role of the sympathetic nervous system
Increases heart rate, blood pressure, releases stored glucose into the bloodstream when under stress
Role of the parasympathetic nervous system
Reduce heart rate and return the body to a state of normality
What systems are mainly responsible for sensing and responding to the environment
The nervous and endocrine system
Role of hormones
Maintain a stable internal environment and regulate
growth and normal functioning
What does the endocrine system consist of
Glands that secrete hormones
Compared to impulses, hormones are ___
Acts slowly but are long lasting
What are the types of hormones
Steroid and peptide hormones
Steroid Hormones: material and how it reaches its target
Produced from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble
Lipid-soluble
The ability to pass through the cell membrane and move directly to the target cells.
Peptide Hormones: material and how it reaches its target
Peptide hormones are made of proteins and travel through the bloodstream until they find and interact with specific receptors on the surface of their target cells
What hormone is most common
Peptide Hormones
Types of receptors
Cell surface and intracellular receptors
Photoreceptor function and location
Senses the intensity and colour of light
and send messages to the brain. Located on the retina
Chemoreceptor function and location
Detect and interact within the olfactory organs. Located on the tongue and in the nose
Olfactory Organs
The bodily structures that serve the sense of smell
Negative feedback mechanism
When a stimulus causes the body to trigger a counteracting response in order to come to a point
Positive feedback mechanism
When a stimulus causes the body to trigger a response that intensifies it.
Thermoreceptor
Detects the changes in temperature. Located on the skin
Mechanoreceptors
Responds to mechanical stimulus. Located on muscles, the skin and the ear
What are receptors
Specialised sensory neurons
Types of cell surface receptors
Photo, chemo, thermo and mechanoreceptors
Types of cell surface receptors
Photo, chemo, thermo and mechanoreceptors
Stages of a reflex arc
Stimulus - Detected by sensory neuron - Control centre - Signal sent to effector - Response
Hypothalamus role
Homeostasis and the link between the nervous and endocrine systems
