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Y9 Science > Body Systems: Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems: Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The nervous system is split into ___

A

The peripheral and central nervous system

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2
Q

What are the components of the CNS

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What does CNS stand for

A

Central Nervous System

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4
Q

What does PNS stand for

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

The role of the Nervous System

A

The nervous system detects and responds to certain stimuli. The nervous system also transmits information.

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6
Q

Neuron

A

A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system

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7
Q

Nerve

A

A bundle of neurons

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8
Q

Role of dendrites

A

Receive information and passes it to the cell body.

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9
Q

Role of the cell body

A

Holds special substructures, receives from the dendrites and passes it on through its axon

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10
Q

Role of the myelin sheath

A

Speed up a nerve impulse along an axon by controlling its path

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11
Q

Role of the axon

A

Transmits information to other neurons

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12
Q

The cell body is aka ___

A

Soma

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13
Q

Impulses

A

Messages that travel along neurons

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14
Q

Do nerve cells touch

A

No

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15
Q

What is the gap between neurons called

A

Synaptic gap

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16
Q

What is the point of communication between neurons called

A

Synapse

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17
Q

What does the synapse consist of

A

Synaptic terminal, synaptic gap and the dendrites

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18
Q

Role of the synaptic terminal

A

Contains the chemicals needed to transform the messages into neurotransmitters

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19
Q

What happens when an impulse reaches a synaptic gap

A

The synaptic terminals release neurotransmitters which creates a new impulse, thus continuing the message

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20
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messages

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21
Q

What neurons are found in the PNS

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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22
Q

What neurons are found in the CNS

A

Interneurons

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23
Q

Role of sensory neurons

A

Collect information from inside and outside the body

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24
Q

Role of interneurons

A

Receives information from sensory neurons

25
Q

Role of motor neurons

A

Connects to effectors to carry out the response

26
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles or endocrine glands

27
Q

Role of the frontal lobe

A

Emotion, reasoning, movement and problem-solving

28
Q

Role of the parietal lobe

A

Manages the perception of the 5 senses

29
Q

Role of the occipital lobe

A

Responsible for vision

30
Q

Role of the temporal lobe

A

Recognition of sounds and smells

31
Q

Is reflex actions voluntary. Why

A

No, as the impulse never reaches the brain instead it just goes to the spinal cord

32
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes what systems

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

33
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control

A

The somatic nervous system controls the voluntary skeletal or muscle movements

34
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control

A

The autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary actions and the body’s internal environment

35
Q

The autonomic nervous system includes the ___

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

Role of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, releases stored glucose into the bloodstream when under stress

37
Q

Role of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Reduce heart rate and return the body to a state of normality

38
Q

What systems are mainly responsible for sensing and responding to the environment

A

The nervous and endocrine system

39
Q

Role of hormones

A

Maintain a stable internal environment and regulate

growth and normal functioning

40
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of

A

Glands that secrete hormones

41
Q

Compared to impulses, hormones are ___

A

Acts slowly but are long lasting

42
Q

What are the types of hormones

A

Steroid and peptide hormones

43
Q

Steroid Hormones: material and how it reaches its target

A

Produced from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble

44
Q

Lipid-soluble

A

The ability to pass through the cell membrane and move directly to the target cells.

45
Q

Peptide Hormones: material and how it reaches its target

A

Peptide hormones are made of proteins and travel through the bloodstream until they find and interact with specific receptors on the surface of their target cells

46
Q

What hormone is most common

A

Peptide Hormones

47
Q

Types of receptors

A

Cell surface and intracellular receptors

48
Q

Photoreceptor function and location

A

Senses the intensity and colour of light

and send messages to the brain. Located on the retina

49
Q

Chemoreceptor function and location

A

Detect and interact within the olfactory organs. Located on the tongue and in the nose

50
Q

Olfactory Organs

A

The bodily structures that serve the sense of smell

51
Q

Negative feedback mechanism

A

When a stimulus causes the body to trigger a counteracting response in order to come to a point

52
Q

Positive feedback mechanism

A

When a stimulus causes the body to trigger a response that intensifies it.

53
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Detects the changes in temperature. Located on the skin

54
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Responds to mechanical stimulus. Located on muscles, the skin and the ear

55
Q

What are receptors

A

Specialised sensory neurons

56
Q

Types of cell surface receptors

A

Photo, chemo, thermo and mechanoreceptors

57
Q

Types of cell surface receptors

A

Photo, chemo, thermo and mechanoreceptors

58
Q

Stages of a reflex arc

A

Stimulus - Detected by sensory neuron - Control centre - Signal sent to effector - Response

59
Q

Hypothalamus role

A

Homeostasis and the link between the nervous and endocrine systems

Y9 Science (6 decks)

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