Ecosystems Flashcards
What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
> Breathing = the movement of muscles in your chest to get air in and out of your lungs.
Respiration = the chemical reaction occurring inside cells to produce energy.
Why do we need energy?
> To grow > To supply energy for organs > Contract muscles > To power our bodies > To repair > To produce heat > Build large molecules from smaller molecules
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
> glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide and water and energy.
Co2 and H2O are waste products.
Where does respiration happen in your cells?
> Mitochondria.
What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?
> glucose -> lactic acid and some energy
Lactic acid when there is not enough oxygen present.
What does lactic acid plus oxygen turn into?
> carbon dioxide and water
What is the formula for fermentation?
> Glucose -> ethanol (alcohol) + CO2
Define fermentation.
> Fermentation is the way yeast carries out anaerobic respiration.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
> water + Co2 -> Glucose + oxygen
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Energy
Chlorophyll
What does chlorophyll do?
> Traps light energy.
What do veins do in leaves?
> Carry minerals and glucose dissolved in water around the leaf.
Why have leaves adapted to be thin?
> So that gases can reach cells easily.
Why have leaves adapted to be wide and flat?
> Large surface area to absorb as much light as possible.
What does stomata do?
> Allows gases to move in and out of the leaf.
Why do leaves have waxy cuticles?
> Prevents water loss by evaporation as the sun shines onto the leaf because of the waxy cuticle covering the outer surface of the leaf.
Why do plants need nitrates?
> for healthy growth.
What are symptoms of Nitrate deficiency?
> Poor growth and older leaves yellow
Why do plants need Phosphates?
> Healthy roots.
What are deficiency symptoms of phosphates?
> Poor root growth and younger leaves look purple.
Why do plants need potassium?
> Healthy leaves and flowers.
What are deficiency symptoms of potassium?
> Yellow leaves, dead patches.
Why do plants need magnesium?
> Making chlorophyll.
What are signs of a deficiency in magnesium? (Plants)
> Plant leaves turn yellow.
How are leaves tested for starch?
> place the leaf in boiling water. This kills the leaf and stops all reactions.
boil the leaf in ethanol. This removes chlorophyll.
rinse the leaf to remove ethanol.
carry out a starch test using iodine.
if the iodine is orange, you have a negative result.
if starch turns iodine blue/black, you have a positive result.
