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Science Midterm Exam PART 2 GRADE10 #5 > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

It’s a community of organisms interacting in a habitat.

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2
Q

What two types of habitats are there?

A
  1. Micro-habitat, (small habitat)

2. Macro-habitat, (big habitat)

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3
Q

Name 5 characteristics that all living things require.

A
  1. They’re made of cells/DNA
  2. They get/use nutrients
  3. They grow/develop
  4. They reproduce
  5. They respond/adapt to their environment
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4
Q

What’s another word for food chain?

A

Food web.

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5
Q

What are the 3 trophic levels?

A
  1. Producers, (plants)
  2. Consumers
  3. Decomposers, (bacteria&fungi)
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6
Q

What’s a food chain?

A

It’s a representation of the relationship between the 3 different trophic levels.

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7
Q

How does the energy flow work?

A

Who goes into who?

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8
Q

What is energy flow?

A

Matter and energy are transferred and transformed.

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9
Q

What is biomass?

A

The total mass of living matter in an ecosystem.

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10
Q

Which trophic level has the most biomass?

A

The producers.

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11
Q

How can energy loss occur in a food chain?

A

Everytime we go up by a level, (think of pyramid) there’s energy loss.

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12
Q

What are producers?

A

They are autotrophs.

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13
Q

What does autotrophs mean?

A

They produce their own food.

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14
Q

What do producers do?

A

They convert inorganic material, (gases for example) into organic material, (protein, sugars, fats, etc for example).

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15
Q

The principle mechanism, (photosynthesis) includes the production of what?

A

Sugar.

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16
Q

What does photo mean?

A

Light, (just think that you can’t take a photo without light).

17
Q

What is the first unicellular organism?

A

Cyanobacteria.

18
Q

What is cyanobacteria?

A

It was the first unicellular bacteria to produce oxygen.

19
Q

What is primary productivity?

A

It’s the total amount of new plant material that were produced.

20
Q

What does primary productivity depend on? Name 5 things.

A
  1. Sunlight
  2. Carbon dioxide concentration
  3. Availability of nutrients
  4. Water
  5. Temperature
21
Q

What’s and algae produce the most ______ between 20 degrees celsius and 25 degrees celsius.

A

Oxygen.

22
Q

Where is primary productivity the highest?

A

In warm, humid areas, (such as the rain forests for example).

23
Q

What are consumers?

A

They are heterotrophs.

24
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

It’s when you get food from a variety of living things.

25
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

Herbivores

26
Q

What are secondary & tertiary consumers?

A

Carnivores

27
Q

______ are consumers of multiple levels.

A

Omnivores

28
Q

What do decomposers feed on?

A

They feed on dead or dying producers and consumers.

29
Q

What is chemical recycling?

A

It’s when decomposers break down organic matter to make inorganic matter so that the producers can now use those again.

30
Q

What’s the law of conservation of mass?

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed. MATTER CAN ONLY BE TRANSFORMED.

31
Q

What’s a disturbance?

A

It’s an event that disrupts/disturbs the ecosystem.

32
Q

What can a disturbance lead to?

A

It can lead to extinction and change the availability of resources.

33
Q

What are the two types of disturbances?

A
  1. Natural disturbances

2. Man-made disturbances

34
Q

How do natural disturbances occur?

A

They occur due to environmental phenomena, (flooding, earth quakes, ice storms, etc).

35
Q

Man made disturbances are the main form of what?

A

Ecological disturbances on earth.

36
Q

What’s ecological succession?

A

After a disturbance, it’s what changes in an ecosystem over time and how the changes continue until the balance of the ecosystem is restored.

37
Q

What’s an ecological footprint?

A

It’s approximately how much of the available resources we consume and much waste we make.

38
Q

What does HPI stand for?

A

Happy Planet Index

39
Q

What’s the formula for the HPI?

A

Experienced well-being X Life expectancy /Ecological footprint

Science Midterm Exam PART 2 GRADE10 #5 (3 decks)

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