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🔬Grade 10 Science🔬 > 🐸Ecosystems🐸 > Flashcards

🐸Ecosystems🐸 Flashcards

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0
Q

💈Explain the mutualism symbiotic relationship💈

A

💈A type of symbiosis resulting in mutual benefit to both of the organisms in the relationship💈

💈An example is the nitrogen fixing bacteria and the plants that support the nitrogen fixing bacteria. The plants provide the bacteria with the sugar and the bacteria provide the plants with the nitrates it needs to grow💈

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1
Q

🎇A change in paradigms🎇

A

🎇Paradigm shift🎇

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2
Q

🌰Non living factors that affect living organisms🌰

A

🌰Abiotic factors🌰

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3
Q

🚀Explain why the carbon cycle may be slow in areas where there is a lot of things like rocks, magma, a living body, the ocean, fossil fuels, etc🚀

A

🚀Because these things store carbon- they are carbon reservoirs. You would have to wait until these things decompose/break down so the carbon will return into the atmosphere and restart the cycle🚀

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4
Q

📡Some specific roles organisms can take on include:📡

A

📡Keystone species
📡Ecological niche
📡Interspecific vs Intranspacific competition
📡Exotic species

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5
Q

🌼Community of living organisms in conjunction with non living components of their environment 🌼

A

🌼Ecosystem🌼

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6
Q

🎀A system can meet the needs not only of our present human population, but also those of the future🎀

A

🎀Sustainability🎀

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7
Q

🌈Organic carbon reservoirs🌈

A

🌈The bodies of living/once living things🌈
-Contain organic carbon but all eventually are returned to the cycle after decomposition
🌈Peatlands🌈
-Special low oxygen acidic conditions prevent decomposition
-Carbon can be locked away as “peat” for a long periods of time
-Lithifies to make coal

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8
Q

🙊Describe the relationship of parisitoidism🙊

A

🙊One organism is benefited while the other is killed slowly🙊

🙊An example of that is a wasp and a spider. A wasp will sting a spider and paralyze it (not kill it). Then lay its egg and when the egg grows it will eat the spider🙊

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9
Q

🍄Living factors🍄

A

🍄Biotic factors🍄

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10
Q

🎈The way humans see the world🎈

A

🎈Paradigm🎈

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11
Q

🐵The study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment🐵

A

🐵Ecology🐵

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12
Q

☁️Why is nitrogen important☁️

A

☁️Nitrogen is needed by cells to make DNA which is read by cells to make protein (also contains nitrogen)
☁️Extremely important in living tissue. It is also cycled between biotic and abiotic factors
☁️About 79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas and it is unusable until it becomes nitrate

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13
Q

🔋Explain the parasitism symbiosis relationship🔋

A

🔋It is a relationship where one organism is benefiting and the other is harmed. The benefiting organism is called the parasite and the harmed one is called the host🔋

🔋One example is that is a mosquito and us. Mosquitos feed on our blood but we are the ones bitten and getting itches from their bites🔋

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14
Q

🌲When things undergo constant changes to seem in an unchanged state🌲

A

🌲Equilibrium🌲

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15
Q

🍅As each organism feeds on one lower in the food chain, the fat soluble pesticides began to be concentrated in ever higher amounts as one moved toward the top of the food pyramid🍅

A

🍅Bioaccumulation🍅

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16
Q

🔅Describe the process of bioaccumulation🔅

A

🔅As each organism feeds on one lower in the food chain, the fat soluble pesticide that was used on crops gets stored in that organism. And as the organism eats more of its pray that contains fat soluble pesticide, the chemicals in that organism will build up and increase🔅

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17
Q

🔃Describe the two types of ecological succession🔃

A

💿Primary succession: occurs in an areas like freshly cooled lava field. In terrestrial areas, primary succession is very slow because it starts with the formation of soil. Large rocks need to be broken down into small particles and fungi and bacteria need to inhabit it. These organisms are pioneer organisms because they are the first type of life to live in that area
📀Secondary succession: a community of plants already exist, but it is disturbed by some kind of change (usually from us, other creatures, or things like weather) and the community has to adapt to this new environment so some species would leave, some will decrease, some will increase, and some would leave

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18
Q

💉Describe an ecological niche💉

A

💉an organism’s NICHE is its “role” that it plays in a particular ecosystem, it also includes everything an organism does to survive and reproduce, including:
💉 feeding relationships
💉 habitat
💉 breeding grounds/behaviors
💉 activity times
💉 competitive relationships p
💉 organisms tend to have UNIQUE niches based on where and how they are best adapted to survive

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19
Q

🗾What are three inorganic carbon reservoirs pt 1🗾

A

🗾The atmosphere🗾

  • The smallest inorganic reservoir
  • Only 0.03% is carbon
  • Supplies land plants with inorganic carbon
  • Carbon moves here the fastest
20
Q

🐮List the five types of symbiotic relationships🐮

A 
🐮Mutualism
🐮Commensalism
🐮Parasites
🐮Parisitoidism
🐮Predation
21
Q

🐱Describe the relationship of predation🐱

A

🐱Where interaction is beneficial to one organism while the other one is killed immidiately🐱

🐱A lion and a zebra🐱

22
Q

🔑Explain what a keystone species is🔑

A

🔑A species considered so important to ECOSYSTEM STABILITY, that if a species is declined, the ecosystem might collapse🔑

23
Q

🔺Explain the three pyramids that are useful graphical indicators do ecosystem patterns🔺

A

🔺Pyramid Of Energy
🔸Represents the transfer of energy that’s passed through one tropic level to the next
🔸Only about 10% of energy is transferred

🔺Pyramid Of Biomass
🔸The mass of an organism WITHOUT water, it’s dry weight
🔸A Pyramid Of Biomass is a graphical representation of the TOTAL BIOMASS of all the members of each trophic level
🔸Often similar to a Pyramid Of Energy

🔺Pyramid Of Numbers
🔸A graphical representation of the TOTAL NUMBERS of all members of each trophic level in a food chain
🔸Sometimes these don’t look like actual pyramids

24
Q

🍥What are some objects with high and low albedo measurement🍥

A

🍥Low albedo
🍥soil
🍥pavement

🍥High albedo
🍥snow
🍥greenhouse gasses

25
Q

🐟Explain exotic species🐟

A

🐟These are NON-NATIVE species that are not natural parts of ecosystem🐟

🐟Compete INTERSPECIFICALLY with native species in the area:🐟
🐟Moose in NL - 4 in 1904
🐟Green Crab in Atlantic Canada
🐟Zebra Mussels

26
Q

🌾What is ecological succession🌾

A

🌾Refers to the series of ecological changes that every community undergoes over a long period of time
🌾The process begins with few pioneering plants and animals associated with these plants
🌾The succession of plant life is parallel by a succession on animal life
🌾The organisms that make up the primitive community gradually change the environmental condition so each successive community paves the way for the next
🌾Each successive community develops and increases complexity until it becomes a final and stable community known as a climax community where the conditions continue to remain suitable for all members

27
Q

💰Describe the symbiosis relationship of commensalism💰

A

💰A relationship in where one organism benefits but the other is neither benefited or harmed💰

💰An example of that is the beaver and the fish. The beaver builds a dam creating a pond. The fish will live in the pond, so they benefit from the beaver but the beaver is neither harmed or gains from the fish💰

28
Q

🍒Explain photosynthesis and the chemical equation associated with it🍒

A

🍒A biochemical process where producers use the sun’s energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugar and oxygen🍒

🍒6 CO[2] + 6 H[2]O + sun’s energy = C[6]H[12]O[6] + 6 O[2]🍒

29
Q

🗾What are the three inorganic carbon reservoirs pt 3🗾

A

🗾the earth’s crust🗾

  • The biggest reservoir for inorganic carbon
  • Carbon in decaying flesh, in shells, and plant material can become sediment and “lithify” to form sedimentary rock layers
  • Carbon remains trapped here until geologic processes release it or it may be released through contact with acidic water
  • Carbon moves through here the slowest
30
Q

🍐If a plant produced 200 J and those were consumed by a caterpillar, where would this energy go?🍐

A

🍐100 is just thrown away as poop!
🍐67 is used for cellular respiration
🍐33 is used for growth

31
Q

🍭A measure of the amount of sunlight is reflected from objects in a decimal value🍭

A

🍭Albedo Affect🍭

32
Q

🎎The process where nitrates is broken down into nitrogen by some bacteria🎎

A

🎎Denitrifying🎎

33
Q

👨🏻Human impacts on the carbon cycle👨🏻

A

👨🏻We cause more carbon to be released from reservoirs faster than ever
👨🏻Mining activity, burning fossil fuels, burning forests (reducing photosynthesis)
👨🏻End result is earth has a harder time replacing what we take out of the natural cycle
👨🏻End result is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to increased “greenhouse effect”

34
Q

🏮What are some ways nitrification can happen🏮

A

🏮1) Lightning change is a small amount of N into NO, which dissolves in water, enters soil, up taken by plants
🏮2) Some species of “nitrogen fixing bacteria” found in soil and in nodules of legumes
🏮3) decomposers change nitrogen compounds into ammonia (NH)

35
Q

🍓Explain what cellular respiration is and the chemical equation related with it🍓

A

🍓A biochemical process whereby CONSUMERS release the energy stored in the sugar they ingest. By eating sugars and breathing in oxygen, consumers make carbon dioxide, water, and energy for life processes🍓

🍓C[6]H[12]O[6] + 6 O[2] = 6 CO[2] + 6 H[2]O + Energy🍓

36
Q

🎿Explain a paradigm shift that happened🎿

A

Forest cutting: Little or no thought was given to trees one cut because trees extended as far as the eye can see. Simple tools were used like axes and saws. But technology has caused a paradigm shift to occur when too many trees were getting cut in short periods of time. So woodcutting industries are now required to plant 10 times the amount they cut so that hopefully there will be enough in the future.

37
Q

🌺Are biotic relationships in which two different organisms live in close association with each other to the benefit of at least one ther are five types🌺

A

🌺Symbiotic relationships🌺

38
Q

🗾What are the three inorganic carbon reservoirs pt 2🗾

A

🗾The oceans🗾

  • Lots of dissolved carbon
  • Supplies algae and phytoplankton with carbon
  • Some react with salt water to become carbonate compounds that shells are made of
39
Q

☕️What happens to the majority of the sun’s energy?☕️

A

☕️It heats the atmosphere, earth’s surface, and water☕️

☕️Percentages☕️:
27% is reflected by clouds and earth’s surface
44% warms the atmosphere, land, hydrosphere
1% generates wind patterns
0.023% is used for photosynthesis

40
Q

⭕️Explain what carbon is and its importance⭕️

A

⭕️Carbon is the key element found in living tissue.
⭕️Found in the atmosphere (ex.CO) and dissolved in the oceans-inorganic
⭕️Inorganic carbon makes its way into living tissue via photosynthesis-transformed into organic carbon like sugar
⭕️Carbon can be passed to other organisms via food chains
⭕️Consumers need it for body’s own health, repair, and growth

41
Q

🐊Explain competition🐊

A

🐊Sometimes in nature there is COMPETITION for NICHES when two or more organisms have similar requirements for SPACES, FOOD, and/or WATER. “Survival of the fittest” usually prevails.🐊

🐊2 main types:🐊
🐊Intraspecific competition
🔸Between the same species
🔹Some lion prides drive off other lions for food competition

🐊Interspecific competition
🔸Between different species
🔹Lions might kill kyotes for food competition

42
Q

An ecosystem that is planned and maintained by humans

A

Artificial ecosystem

43
Q

Compare between an oligotrophic and a eutrophic lake

A

Oligotrophic lake

  • deep and cold
  • dissolved nutrients
  • clear
  • high oxygen levels
  • lots of living organisms
  • healthy

Eutrophic lake
- exact opposite

44
Q

Describe how humans have influenced the process of eutrophication

A

Fertilizers that were used in crops can get carried or dumped into the water. These contain high levels of nitrates it says algae is a type of plant, the fertilizers would increase their numbers and growth until there are too many algae ( which is why the lakes sometimes have green plants on the surface or in the lake itself). Also factories that use water systems for cooling dump all that hot water into lakes, increasing the temperature and make it hard for fish to breathe.

45
Q

Briefly explain the 2 processes by which atmospheric nitrogen enters our ecosystems

A

Through lightning: when the lightning strikes nitrogen it changes a small amount of nitrogen into nitrates which dissolves in water, enter soil, and gets up taken by plants

Nitrogen fixing bacteria: bacteria that breakdown nitrogen to nitrates and are found in the nodules of legumes

46
Q

What are two ways humans impacted the carbon cycle of the long term effects it has on our planet

A

Clear cutting:

  • plants and trees take in carbon dioxide & replace it with oxygen
  • cutting alot of trees = - oxygen, + carbon

Fossil fuels:

  • Burning fossil fuels increases the amount of carbon in air
  • more carbon is released and less oxygen is produced = + in temp
  • results in greenhouse effect
47
Q

How can reverse the human impact on the amount of carbon in the atmosphere

A
  • plant more trees than being cut

- use renewable energy sources such as hydroelectricity

🔬Grade 10 Science🔬 (3 decks)

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