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Geological > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Succession

A

Kế thừa

a number of people or things of a similar kind following one after the other: she had been secretary to a succession of board directors.
• Geology a group of strata representing a single chronological sequence: the Cretaceous succession.

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2
Q

Disturbance

A

Làm xáo trộn

[mass noun] the interruption of a settled and peaceful condition: a helicopter landing can cause disturbance to residents.
• [count noun] a breakdown of peaceful and law-abiding behaviour: the disturbances were precipitated when four men were refused bail.
• Law interference with rights or property.

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3
Q

Herbaceous

A

denoting or relating to herbs (in the botanical sense).

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4
Q

Volcanic eruption

A

Phun trào núi lửa

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5
Q

Shurb

A

a woody plant which is smaller than a tree and has several main stems arising at or near the ground.

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6
Q

Climax

A

Ecology | the final stage in a succession in a given environment, at which a plant community reaches a state of equilibrium: [as modifier] : near the equator the tropical rainforest is the climax vegetation | a mixed hardwood climax forest.

acme, apex, apogee, culmination, height, high point, highlight, peak, pinnacle, summitcrest, max out, peak, summit, top

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7
Q

Cumulative

A

increasing or increased in quantity, degree, or force by successive additions: the cumulative effect of two years of drought.

accumulative, aggregate, amassed, collective, growing, increasing, snowballing, swelling

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8
Q

Mature

A

Trưởng thành

fully developed physically; full-grown: she was now a mature woman | owls are sexually mature at one year.

having reached the most advanced stage in a process: Van Gogh’s mature work.

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

Cân bằng

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced: the task is the maintenance of social equilibrium.

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10
Q

Substantiate

A

Chứng minh

provide evidence to support or prove the truth of: they had found nothing to substantiate the allegations.

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11
Q

Exposure

A

Phơi bày

the state of having no protection from something harmful: the dangers posed by exposure to asbestos.

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12
Q

Regularity

A

Đều đặn

the state or quality of being regular: he came to see her with increasing regularity | [count noun] : the patterns and regularities of social life.

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13
Q

Precipitation

A

Lượng mưa

rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground: these convective processes produce cloud and precipitation | [count noun] : the heavy post-monsoon precipitations.

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14
Q

Colonization

A

Thuộc địa hoá

the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area: Africa boasts a tradition of higher education institutions that predate Western colonization | the European invasion and colonization of the Americas.

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15
Q

Arbitrary

A

Ngẫu nhiên

based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system: an arbitrary decision.

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16
Q

Entity

A

Thực thể

a thing with distinct and independent existence: Church and empire were fused in a single entity.

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17
Q

Characterisation

A

a description of the distinctive nature or features of someone or something: she rejected that characterization of her film.

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18
Q

Misleading

A

giving the wrong idea or impression: your article contains a number of misleading statements.

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19
Q

Metaphor

A

Ẩn dụ

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable: when we speak of gene maps and gene mapping, we use a cartographic metaphor | [mass noun] : her poetry depends on suggestion and metaphor.

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20
Q

Ant colony

A

Đàn kiến

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21
Q

Legitimately

A

Hợp pháp

in a way that conforms to the law or to rules: they can prove that the funds were acquired legitimately | all three properties were legitimately acquired.

22
Q

Appropriately

A

Thoả đáng

in a manner that is suitable or proper in the circumstances: volunteers need to be approachable, calm, and able to respond appropriately | [as submodifier] : walls of raw concrete form a neutral yet appropriately rugged backdrop for the various objects.

23
Q

Loose

A

Lỏng lẻo

not firmly or tightly fixed in place; detached or able to be detached: a loose tooth | the lorry’s trailer came loose.

24
Q

Fortunate

A

May mắn

favoured by or involving good luck; lucky: [with infinitive] : she’d been fortunate to escape serious injury | it was fortunate that the weather was good.

25
Q

Biome

A

Quần xã sinh vật

a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g. forest or tundra.

26
Q

Fauna

A

Hệ động vật

the animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period: the flora and fauna of Siberia | [count noun] : the local Mesozoic rocks and their faunas.

27
Q

Initiate

A

cause (a process or action) to begin: he proposes to initiate discussions on planning procedures.

28
Q

Habitat

A

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism: wild chimps in their natural habitat.

29
Q

Vegetation

A

Flora

30
Q

Locality

A

the position or site of something: the rock’s size and locality.

31
Q

Criticize

A

indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way: the opposition criticized the government’s failure to consult adequately | technicians were criticized for defective workmanship.

Complain

32
Q

Emphasize

A

Nhấn mạnh

give special importance or value to (something) in speaking or writing: they emphasize the need for daily, one-to-one contact between parent and child | [with clause] : I would emphasize that I am not an economist.

Lay stress on when speaking

33
Q

Dominate

A

Thống trị, chiếm ưu thế

have power and influence over: the company dominates the market for operating system software.

34
Q

Invasion

A

Xâm chiếm

an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force: Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 | the Allied invasion of Normandy | [mass noun] : in 1546 England had to be defended from invasion.

35
Q

Pest

A

Sâu bọ gây hại

a destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc.: the tomato plant attracts a pest called whitefly | an effective method for controlling insect pests | [as modifier] : pest control.

36
Q

Crop

A

Mùa vụ

a cultivated plant that is grown on a large scale commercially, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable: the main crops were oats and barley.

37
Q

Cultivate

A

Trồng trọt, cày cấy

prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening: the peasants who cultivated the land became its owners.

38
Q

In contrast

A

Tương phản

39
Q

Tolerate

A

Khoan dung, chịu đựng

be capable of continued subjection to (a drug, toxin, or environmental condition) without adverse reaction: lichens grow in conditions that no other plants tolerate.

40
Q

Subjection

A

Domination

41
Q

Temperate

A

Ôn đới

relating to or denoting a region or climate characterized by mild temperatures: sage can be grown outdoors in cool, temperate climates | Chile has one of the largest temperate forests in the southern hemisphere.

42
Q

Alternatively

A

Hoặc

as another option or possibility: alternatively, you may telephone us direct if you wish.

43
Q

Resilience

A

Đàn hồi

the capacity to withstand or to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness: the remarkable resilience of so many institutions | supporting individuals to overcome adversity and build resilience | our business has shown strong resilience during these unprecedented times.

44
Q

Adversity

A

a difficult or unpleasant situation: resilience in the face of adversity | [count noun] : she overcame many adversities.

45
Q

Patchy

A

Chắp vá

existing or happening in small, isolated areas: patchy fog.
• not of the same quality throughout; inconsistent: your coursework was patchy | my knowledge of Egyptology is patchy.

46
Q

Vary

A

Biến đổi

differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class: the properties vary in price.
• change from one condition, form, or state to another: your skin’s moisture content varies according to climatic conditions.

47
Q

Adjacent

A

Liền kề

next to or adjoining something else: adjacent rooms | the area adjacent to the station.

48
Q

Approximately

A

About

49
Q

Niche

A

Môi trường sống, thị trường ngách

Ecology a role taken by a particular type of organism within its community: the niche left vacant by the disappearance of wolves.

a specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service: he believes he has found a niche in the market | smaller cooperatives must find and develop a niche for their speciality product.

50
Q

Intact

A

Giữ nguyên

not damaged or impaired in any way; complete: the church was almost in ruins but its tower remained intact.

Geological (2 decks)

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