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Biology > Ecosystem Processes > Flashcards

Ecosystem Processes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A diagram that shows the transfer of energy between organisms

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2
Q

What is a food web?

A

A diagram showing a set of linked food chains

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3
Q

What are consumers?

A

An organism that eats other organisms to survive

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4
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that makes its own food

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5
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process plants use to make their own food, glucose.

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6
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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7
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

The pigment that makes leaves green

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8
Q

What cells do water diffuse into?

A

Root hair cells

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9
Q

What tubes is water transported around plants in?

A

Xylem tubes

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10
Q

How do gases get in and out of plants?

A

On the underside of the leaf there are tiny holes. Carbon dioxide diffuses in, oxygen diffuses out

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11
Q

Why are leaves green?

A

They contain chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight

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12
Q

Why are leaves thin?

A

This lets gases diffuse in and out easily

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13
Q

Why do leaves have a large surface area?

A

To absorb as much light as possible

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14
Q

Why do leaves have veins?

A

They contain xylem tubes, which transport water and phloem tubes, which transport glucose

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15
Q

What is the top layer of a leaf?

A

Waxy layer

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16
Q

What do stomata do?

A

They allow gases to diffuse in and out of leaves

17
Q

What is the structure of a leaf?

A

Waxy layer at the top, palisade layer underneath, spongey layer underneath, guard cells and stomata at the bottom

18
Q

What happens in the palisade layer?

A

Most of the photosynthesis because there are lots of chloroplasts

19
Q

What is the spongy layer?

A

It lets carbon dioxide to diffuse in the leaf, and oxygen to diffuse out. It has air spaces

20
Q

What are nitrates used for in plants?

A

Healthy growth

21
Q

What are phosphates for in plants?

A

For healthy roots

22
Q

What is potassium used for in plants?

A

For healthy leaves and flowers

23
Q

What is magnesium used for in plants?

A

For making chlorophyll

24
Q

Where do plants get minerals from?

A

The soil. They are absorbed into the root hair cells

25
Q

Why do farmers use fertilisers, and what are fertilisers?

A

To prevent future crops having mineral deficiencies. Farmers add chemicals to the soil to replace missing minerals. These chemicals are called fertilisers

Biology (2 decks)

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