Ecosystem processes Flashcards
producer
organisms that make their own food
consumer
organisms that get energy from eating other organisms.
word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
word equation for aerobic respiration
oxygen + glucose = water + Carbondioxide
the stuff that makes leaves green
chlorophyll
the source of energy for plants
the sun
the reason why leaves have such large surface area is…
to absorb as much light as possible
cuticle
protects plants against drought, extreme temperatures, UV radiation, chemical attack and more
upper epidermis
mainly involved in water conservation by eliminating excess sunlight.
lower epidermis
mainly involved in gas exchange
palisade mesophyll
where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.
spongy mesophyll
facilitate the exchange of gases essential to the process of photosynthesis
guard cells
regulate CO2 influx from the atmosphere into the leaves for photosynthic fixation
Stoma(ta)
the hole on the bottom of the leaf for carbon dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out.
the place that plants store their excess glucose
starch
the place that humans store their excess glucose
fat, glucogen
Phosphates
contains phosphorus, and is important for healthy roots
Nitrates
contains nitrogen, and is important for the healthy growth of a plant
potassium
contains potassium, and is important for healthy leaves and flowers
magnesium
contains magnesium, and is important for making chlorophyll
some examples of natural fertiliser
banana peels, dung, compost
some examples of artificial fertiliser
wood ash, bone meal
what does NPK stand for
nitrogen phosphorus potassium
chemosynthesis
- uses chemicals as their source of energy
- often uses carbon dioxide as a reactant
- has glucose as a product
where do chemosynthetic bacteria (like sulfur bacteria) live?
at the bottom of the sea near volcanic vents.
mutualistic relationship
the biological relationship between organisms, where both organisms benefit eachother
The chemical reaction that transfers energy from glucose in humans
aerobic respiration
The place where cellular respiration occurs
mitochondria
The type of reaction that aerobic respiration is
exothermic (gives out heat to the surroudings)
True or false: respiration = breathing
False
name both reactions for anaerobic respiration
describe the relationship between the concentration of glucose and the rate of fermentation
higher concentration of glucose = higher rate of fermentation
Fermentation gives out CO2. describe how this is useful in daily life.
It helps the dough in pizza rise
what is a food chain
a diagram that shows what an organism eats. It shows the transfer of energy between organisms.
the amount of energy transferred when an organism eats another one:
10%
who is the producer in a food chain?
the plant that supplies organisms with food
who is the primary consumer in a food chain?
the 2nd one in the chain. This one is a herbivore.
who is the secondary consumer in a food chain?
3rd one in a chain. This one is a carnivore / omnivore
apex predator
the final boss of the food chain.
food web
a set of linked food chains
what would happen to a food chain when the producer vanished?
there will be a domino effect and the rest of the food chain will die.
bioaccumulation
some insecticides are washed into rivers and end up in the sea. fish absorb them. Because seals eat a lot of fish, the levels of the chemicals builds up. this is called bioaccumulation
