Ecosystem

Question 1

1. What’s niche?
2. What’s biomes?
3. What’s natural forest & secondary forest?
4. What’s planted forest?

Answer 1

1. niche is the position of an organism in the ecosystem
2. It is a large area sharing similar climate, topography and biological communities
3. A natural forest is a forest that no human intervention indication is shown in it’s ecological system while a secondary forest is a forest that is naturally regenerated and is cleared before naturally or by man.

Question 2

1.What’s evergreen forest?
2. What’s deciduous forest?
3. Broadleaf forest & coniferous forest?
Mixed Forest?

Answer 2

1.It means forests that is green for all seasons
2. Forests with trees that lost all of its leaves for part of the year (as an adaptation method)
3. Forests with trees that have broad leafs
coniferous forest is forest with trees that have needle-shaped leafs

Question 3

Name three characteristic of Rain forest.

Answer 3

1. High precipitation rate
2. little seasons variation
3. broad-leaves evergreens dominates the canopy level–> closed canopy
4. distinctive tree species within different canopy levels.

Question 4

Forest facts:
1. Greatest Loss in ____?
2. Most Forest converted to other areas was in the ___?

Answer 4

1. tropical& temperate forests
2. tropical domain

Question 5

Other Causes of Forest Loss: Acid rain
1.How is acid rain formed?

2.What impacts does it have

Answer 5

1. Nitrous oxide & sulfur are produced as by products during industrial activities. When combined with water contents, they are converted to acids during complex atmospheric reactions and comes down as acid rain.
   - deep lake with much lime have more buffer
   -shallow lake with few lime are tend to be acidify
2. It causes harm to human respiratory health, animal, plants, crops, infrastructure
   - In terms of trees, acid rain damages tree leaves and barks> reduces photosynthesis and growth> trees became more vulnerable to droughts, natural hazards> more tree death

• Soil accidification, more leaching > pollution of ground water ( release of acid, toxic metal materials)
• dying of tree, plants roots > trees die

Question 6

1.Which 2 kind of forest is most threatened under climate change?
2. what harvesting method do we have ?

Answer 6

1.- tropical forest
- temperate forest

2. -selective logging
   - clear cutting
   - strip cutting
   - shelterwood cutting

Question 7

What’s the characteristic of tropical savannas & grassland

Answer 7

-long hot dry seasons, short period of heavy rain
- widely spaced trees, unclosed canopy

Question 8

What’s vertical zonation?

Answer 8

distinct zones were created in mountain where increasing with increasing altitude, we found lower temperature and greater precipitation.

Question 9

State some of the characteristics of mangroves

Answer 9

-mangroves are grown along coastlines and help stabalize coastlines
- they are salt-prove, low oxygen tolerant
- they could be cut for timber production
-slow-moving waters allow sediment to accumulate

Question 10

State some characteristics of coral reefs?
What are the three main types of coral reefs?

Answer 10

• they attached to submerged rock oto grow
• they were made from calcium carbonate secrete by coral underwater

-fringing reefs
-barrier reefs
- atolls