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ECOSI > ECOS Final Review > Flashcards

ECOS Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is special about the shoulder joint?

A

It is the only joint in the human body where tendons (rotator cuff) pass between bones (acromion and humerus).

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2
Q

What are important aspects of the Hx and PE to ask with regards to a shoulder complaint?

A

If it was traumatic or atraumatic.

Ask for discriminators or life threats in the ROS.

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3
Q

What are the normal ROMs of the shoulder?

A 
ADduction - 50
ABduction - 180
Flexion - 180
Extension - 50
Internal Rotation - 90
External Rotation - 90
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4
Q

What is the painful arc test and what does it test for?

A

Have the patient actively ABduct their arm. If positive, there will be pain between 60 and 120 degrees. A positive test means there is a possible subacromial impingement or rotator cuff injury.

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5
Q

What are the upper extremity reflex tests and what nerves are they associated with?

A

Biceps - C5
Brachioradialis - C6
Triceps - C7

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6
Q

What upper extremity pulses can be checked?

A

Brachial, radial, or ulnar

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7
Q

What are common diagnoses that are associated with a traumatic shoulder injury?

A

Fracture, dislocation, rotator cuff injury, AC joint injury, labral injury, myofascial

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8
Q

What are common diagnoses that are associated with atraumatic shoulder injuryies?

A

Subacromial impingement, overuse injury, bursitis, tendonitis, arthritis

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9
Q

What is a common deformity in RA patients?

A

Boutonniere deformity

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10
Q

What are two common deformities in patients with osteoarthritis?

A

Heberden’s nodes and Bouchard’s nodes

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11
Q

What are the nerve associations for reflex testing in the UE?

A

C5-6 - Biceps
C5-6 - Brachioradialis
C6-7 Triceps

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12
Q

What are the nerve associations for sensory testing in the UE?

A 
C4 - Lateral neck
C5 - Lateral upper arm
C6 - Lateral forearm and thumb
C7 - Middle finger
C8 - Medial wrist and forearm 
T1 - Medial elbow/upper arm
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13
Q

What are the nerves associated with strength testing in the UE?

A 
C1 - Resisted rotation ROM
C2-4 - Scapular elevation
C5 - Deltoid, shoulder abduction
C6 - Biceps, wrist extension
C7 - Triceps, wrist flexion
C8 - Finger flexion
T1 - Finger abduction
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14
Q

What dermatome is associated with the nipples?

A

T4

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15
Q

What dermatome is associated with the umbilicus?

A

T10

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16
Q

What are contraindications to HVLA?

A 
A - Anticoagulants/Arthritis
B - Bones - Osteoporosis/disruption
C - Carotid/PVD disease/risks of
D - Down Syndrome
L - Local metastases, ligament disruption
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17
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

A ring, usually yellow, encircling the iris

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18
Q

What ocular symptoms are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Blue sclera

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19
Q

What are common diseases associated with cotton wool spots of the eye?

A

DIABETES, hypertension, HIV

20
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation at eyelid margin, resulting in irritation

21
Q

What are the differences between chalazion and hordeolum?

A

Chalazion - blocked Meibomian gland, generally nontender and nonpainful unless it becomes inflamed, IN THE LID
Hordeolum - Bacterial infection of the Meibomian gland, tender/painful, ALONG THE EYELASH

22
Q

What is a primary indication for EMG (electromyogram)?

A

Assessing peripheral nerves and muscles

23
Q

What is a primary indication for fluoroscopy/swallow study?

A

Difficulty swallowing

24
Q

What is a primary indication for an ultrasound?

A

Carotid artery stenosis/needle guidance to nerves

25
Q

What is a primary indication for EEG?

A

Confirming seizure activity

26
Q

What is a primary indication for myelography?

A

Spinal nerve impingement/spondylosis

27
Q

What is a primary indication for fluorescein stain?

A

Corneal damage

28
Q

What contrast is used for MRIs?

A

Gadolinium

29
Q

What contrast is used for CTs?

A

Iodine

30
Q

Quick summary of all of the functions of the CNs

A

I - Smell
II - Visual acuity
III - Raise eyelid, pupillary constriction, most extraocular movements
IV - Downward, internal rotation of eyes
V - Sensory of the face, motor with clenching jaw, corneal reflex
VI - Lateral deviation of the eye
VII - Motor: Facial movements, including expression, closing of eyes and mouth.
Sensory: Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
VIII - Hearing
IX - Motor: Phonation
Sensory: Taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue, gag reflex
X - Raise the palate, gag reflex
XI - Shrug shoulders against resistance, turn head L and R against resistance
XII - Motor involvement of the tongue

31
Q

What is miosis?

A

Excessive constriction of the pupil, usually due to a lesion of CN III.

32
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN IV lesion?

A

Eyes will drift upwards, vertical diplopia, head tilting in the opposite direction, difficulty with coordination while trying to look down.

33
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN V lesion?

A

Decreased sensation in the face, loss of corneal reflex, weakness of the muscles of mastication, jaw deviation towards the side of the lesion

34
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN VII lesion?

A

Paralysis of the muscles of facial expression (Bell’s palsy), loss of corneal reflex, hyperacusis, crocodile tears syndrome (sheds tears when chewing)

35
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN VIII lesion?

A

Vestibular division: Disequilibrium and nystagmus

Cochlear division: Destructive lesion - sensorineural hearing loss, irritative lesion - tinnitus

36
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN IX and X lesion?

A

Hoarseness of voice, no gag reflex, difficulty swallowing, cannot raise their palate.

37
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN XI lesion?

A

Inability to shrug shoulder or rotate head to the opposite direction of the lesion against resistance

38
Q

What are common presentations of someone with a CN XII lesion?

A

Deviated tongue towards affected side when protruded forward.

39
Q

What is sterognosis?

A

The ability to identify shapes of objects, or recognizing objects placed in the hand

40
Q

What is graphesthesia?

A

The ability to identify numbers written on the palm

41
Q

What are the patterns of sensory loss for thalamic, cortical, and functional loss?

A

Thalamic - Hemisensory loss of all modalities
Cortical loss - Intact primary sensations but loss of cortical sensations
Functional loss - Non-anatomical distribution

42
Q

What is associated with 4/4 reflexes?

A

Hyperactive WITH CLONUS

43
Q

What are the first steps in the evaluation of a patient with dizziness?

A

TiTrATE - Timing of symptoms, triggers that provoke attack, and a target exam

44
Q

How do migraines usually present?

A

Unilateral headache, gradual onset with progressively worsening symptoms, photophobia, nausea and vomiting. Can present with aura (vision changes)

45
Q

How do cluster HAs usually present?

A

Usually last 15 min - 3 hours, ALWAYS UNILATERAL, intense sharp stabbing pain. Can have associated tearing of eye, rhinorrhea, sweating, and irritation.

46
Q

Study SC joint movements

A

Study SC joint movements

47
Q

What 3 specialty tests are good for cervical radiculopathy?

A

Neck compression, neck distraction, and Spurling’s test

ECOSI (5 decks)

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