Economy, Land Revenue Policy Flashcards
What was the Ijaradari System and who introduced it? Why did this system fail?
Warren Hastings introduced it. In this system the right to collect revenue was auctioned. It aimed to offer the highest revenue collection for a period of 5 years. This system failed due to being unsure of retaining the contract as well as the zamindars not contributing towards the improvement of land and so the peasants were exploited to meet their revenue targets.
When was the Permanent Settlement introduced? Who introduce it? What was it?
It was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. It was system of collecting revenue by the local zamindars from the peasants. It was introduced in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha. If he failed to give the revenue on time the Zamindar would be auctioned. Whatever remained with the Zamindar after paying the revenue became his profit.
Who were the absentee Landlords and what were they?
They were a class of local Zamindars who collected revenue from their cultivators and owned land in villages but lived in towns .
When was the Ryotwari System introduced and by whom? What was it?
It was introduced in 1820 in Bombay and Madras presidencies. It was introduced by Sir Thomas Munro. Under this revenue was directly collected form the cultivators which was given to the Governments. The revenue was very high and collection was rigid.
What was the impact of the Ryotwari system?
The Ryots(cultivators) were unable to improve their land’s conditions and were hence unable to fulfill high revenue demands and fled to cities.
What was the Mahalwari System?
Made in 1822 by Holt Mackenzie which was introduced in Punjab, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Central India. The talukdars of the village collected revenue. The land was inspected and measured and accordingly that much revenue was taken from each village by the Company Officials. The revenue was subjected to periodic revision and was roughly half the total of the agricultural production.
What does mahalwari mean and what does it include?
“Mahal” means revenue estate and included a village or a group of villages.
