Economy

Question 1

What were the negatives of war Communism?

Answer 1

The policies introduced during the Civil War (whilst saving the Red Army) were destroying the country
Industrial production had plummeted and food was scarce. Something had to be done to increase productivity

Question 2

When did Lenin introduce the NEP?

Answer 2

At the 10th Congress of the Communist Party between 7-16 March 1921

Question 3

How did Lenin describe the NEP?

Answer 3

State Capitalism

Question 4

For Lenin he simply followed Karl Marx’s precepts that…

Answer 4

a nation must first reach ‘full maturation of Capitalism as the precondition for socialist realisation’

Question 5

What percentage of Russia were peasants?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

What did the NEP abolish?

Answer 6

Grain requisitioning

Question 7

What was grain requisitioning replaced by?

Answer 7

First act of the nep
a necessary incentive for increasingSovietagriculturalproduction .
Tax in Kind (prodnalog) - Requisition had forcibly taken food underWar Communism. Prodnalog taxed people at a lower level than the level set for requisition and allowed them to keep the rest of what they produced. Food that was left could be sold – hence, the peasants had an incentive to grow as much as they could knowing that they could keep what was not taxed.

Question 8

The end of grain requisitioning led to…

Answer 8

Political and economic stability and increased productivity

Question 9

Grain production increased from…

Answer 9

37 million tones in 1921

76 million tones 1926

Question 10

How did Economic recover under the NEP help to consolidate the regime?

Answer 10

Improved living standards

Question 11

How did the NEP improve living standards?

Answer 11

Raised food production

Increased average wages for Urban workers

Question 12

Critiques of NEP

Answer 12

. Not introduced until 1921
NEPMEN grew rich by trading, whilst ordinary peasants and industrial workers stayed relatively poor in spite of their hard work

Question 13

Lenin NEP Quote

Answer 13

Lenin had also been known to say about NEP, “We are taking one step backward, to take two steps forward later”
Suggesting that, though the NEP pointed in another direction, it would provide the economic conditions necessary for socialism eventually to evolve.

Question 14

When was collectivisation introduced?

Question 15

What was collectivisation?

Question 16

Agricultural strengths: scope of collectivisation

Answer 16

93% of peasants households collectivised by 1937

Question 17

Industrial Strength: Peasants in towns by 1939

Answer 17

19 million had migrated although there was a population imbalance in rural areas.

Question 18

What was the Holodomor famine?

Answer 18

Soviet authorities set requisition quotas for Ukraine at an impossibly high level.
The rural population was left with insufficient food to feed itself. The ensuing starvation grew to a massive scale by the spring of 1933, but Moscow refused to provide relief.
Estimated 7 million deaths, demoralised peasants. 44% of grain was taken from affected areas.

Question 19

What did the Holo