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Geography > Economic World > Flashcards

Economic World Flashcards

1
Q

Birth Rate

A

Number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population

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2
Q

Commonwealth

A

Voluntary association of 53 independent and equal sovereign states; mostly territories of the former British Empire, united not by lega obligation but through language, culture, history and shared values

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3
Q

Death Rate

A

Number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population

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4
Q

De-industrialisation

A

The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing sector

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5
Q

DTM (Demographic Transition Model)

A

A model which shows how populations change over time, in terms of birth rate, death rate and total population

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6
Q

Development

A

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, human welfare and the use of technology

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7
Q

Development Gap

A

The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between HICs and LICs

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8
Q

European Union

A

International Organisation of 28 European countries (used to include the UK) to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation between its members

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9
Q

Fairtrade

A

When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce, to improve income and reduce exploitation

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10
Q

Globalisation

A

The process of creating a more connected world, involving increased movement of goods (trade) and people (migration/tourism) globally

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11
Q

GNI (Gross National Income)

A

A measurement of economic activity, which is calculated by dividing the total national income by the size of the population

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12
Q

HDI (Human Development Index)

A

A measure of development, which takes into consideration GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy

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13
Q

industrial Structure

A

The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different economic sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)

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14
Q

Infant Mortality

A

The average number of deaths of infants (<1 year old) per 1000 live births per year

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15
Q

Information Technologies

A

Computer, mobile phone, internet and satellite technologies, that speed up communication and the flow of information

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16
Q

Intermediate Technology

A

Simply, easily learned and maintained technology used to increase development in LICs

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17
Q

International Aid

A

Money, goods and services given to lower income countries to help the quality of life and economy, through multilateral institutions such as the World Bank

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18
Q

Life Expectancy

A

Average number of years a person might be expected to live

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19
Q

Literacy Rate

A

The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills

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20
Q

Microfinance Loans

A

Small loans given to people in LICs to help them start small, local businesses

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21
Q

North-South Divide

A

Economic and cultural differences between northern and southern parts of England

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22
Q

Post-industrial Economy

A

The economy of many developed countries where most employment is in service industries

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23
Q

Science Parks

A

High-tech industries established, often near universities, where scientific and commercial development can be made in co-operation with the university

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24
Q

Business Parks

A

Purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city or a main road

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25
Q

Trade

A

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries

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26
Q

TNC (Transnational Corporation)

A

A company that has operations in more than one country. Many TNCs are large and have well-known brands

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27
Q

Primary Sector

A

The sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources, such as agriculture, fishing, mining and oil/gas extraction

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28
Q

Secondary Sector

A

The sector of an economy that manufactures goods, including the processing of materials from the primary sector

29
Q

Tertiary Sector

A

A sector of the economy covering a wide range of activities, including the service, education, health, financial and transport industries

30
Q

Quaternary Sector

A

The sector of an economy mainly involved in development of technology, education, training and research & development

31
Q

Accessibility

A

How easily a location can be reached

32
Q

Austerity

A

A period of difficult economic conditions as the government reduces spending

33
Q

Biogas

A

A type of biofuel (methane) derived from the action of bacteria on animal manure or other organic waste

34
Q

Census

A

An official count of the population, which may include details like age, ethnicity or occupation

35
Q

Containerization

A

The process of using standardised storage containers on cargo ships, trains and lorries

36
Q

Cybersecurity

A

Digital security systems to protect against online attacks

37
Q

Devolution

A

Giving powers to regional governments

38
Q

Economy

A

Activities in a country concerned with the making, distribution, and use of goods and services

39
Q

Global Shift

A

The movement of manufacturing industries to new emerging economies

40
Q

Insurance

A

Bought protection against unfortunate events that may cost money e.g. car insurance is paid so that damage is paid for in the event of an accident

41
Q

Interconnected

A

Places, objects or ideas that are linked to one another

42
Q

Mechanisation

A

In industry, the process of introducing machines to carry out tasks that humans used to do

43
Q

Privatise

A

When a government enterprise is sold off to private companies or individuals

44
Q

Recession

A

A time of temporary economic decline when trade and industrial activity are reduced

45
Q

Smart Motorways

A

Motorways that use computers to manage traffic flows and congestion

46
Q

Standard of Living

A

The amount of wealth or personal comfort that a person or group of people have

47
Q

Tourism

A

The business of providing holidays for people travelling for pleasure (tourists)

48
Q

Treasury

A

The place where a country’s money is kept

49
Q

Brandt Line

A

A line that separates the rich north of the world from the poorer south

50
Q

Corrupt

A

When a person, company or country acts in a dishonest way for their own personal gain

51
Q

Typhoon Haiyan Date

A

8 November 2013

52
Q

Typhoon Haiyan wind speed

A

313km/h or 194mph

53
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - greatest rainfall (in some areas)

A

281.9mm

54
Q

Typhoon Haiyan wave heights

A

Up to 7m

55
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - economic effects

A
  • cost of damage estimated at $5.8bn
  • six million workers lost their source of income
  • international trade affected by loss of rice, corn and sugar-producing areas
56
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - social effects

A
  • over 7000 deaths
  • 1.9 million people homeless
  • over 6 million displaced
  • outbreaks of disease, due to lack of sanitation, food, water, shelter and medication
  • widespread looting in the following days, especially in the city of Tacloban
57
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - deaths

A

7000+

58
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - responses

A
  • warnings broadcast to 750,000 saved many lives
  • UK government provided supplies for up to 800,000 victims
  • several charities provided emergency aid e.g. food, water and shelter
  • UN launched an international aid appeal in December 2013 for £480 million to finance the humanitarian relief effort for 2014
59
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - environmental effects

A
  • widespread floods damaged homes and businesses in coastal areas
  • thousands of trees were uprooted, damaging wildlife and releasing CO2
  • major roads became impassable when blocked by trees
60
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - main primary effects

A
  • 50% of houses destroyed and 4.1million made homeless
  • 75% of farmers and fishermen lost their income
  • $53 million in damages to rice
  • 800,000L oil spill when an oil barge ran aground
  • severe flooding destroyed around 1.1 million tonnes of crops
61
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - main secondary effects

A
62
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - main secondary effects

A
  • infection and disease spread through water
  • power supplies cut off for up to a month
  • schools and hospitals destroyed
  • rice prices had risen 12% by 2014
  • infrastructure was affected by trees blocking roads and the destruction of airports
  • ten hectares of mangroves were contaminated by the oil barge leak
63
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - immediate responses

A
  • the government televised a warning for people to prepare and evacuate
  • 1200 evacuation centres set up
  • aid supplies arrived after three days, including 1 million food packs and 250,000L of water (in two weeks)
64
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - long-term responses

A
  • 33 countries and international organisations pledged to help, involving more than $1.5 billion
  • ‘cash for work’ programme to rebuild the city
  • homes built away from flood-risk areas and more cyclone shelters were built
  • mangroves were replanted
65
Q

Somerset Floods - causes

A
  • depressions moving across the Atlantic caused weeks of wet weather
  • polar jet stream directed the depressions towards the West of England, as it was more south than usual
  • Bristol Channel experienced high tides and storm surges
  • sediment built up on the river beds, as it hadn’t been dredged for 20 years
66
Q

Somerset Floods - social impacts

A
  • over 600 homes flooded
  • 16 farms were evacuated
  • temporary accommodation was used by residents for several months
  • some villages were cut off and power supplies were disrupted
67
Q

Somerset Floods - economic impacts

A
  • 14,000 hectares of agricultural land flooded for weeks
  • over 1000 livestock were evacuated
  • roads were cut off and railway lines were closed
  • £10 million damage cost
68
Q

Somerset Floods - environmental impacts

A
  • rivers contaminated with sewage, oils and chemicals
  • debris was deposited across the land
  • stagnant water had to be reoxygenated and pumped back into rivers
69
Q

Somerset Floods - management strategies

A
  • river banks raised and strengthened
  • £20 million pledged on a Flood Action Plan
  • Rivers Tone and Parratt were dredged in March 2014
  • road levels were raised
  • flood defences for communities at risk
  • pumping stations were built
  • potential for tidal barrage by 2024

Geography (17 decks)

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