economic importance of bacteria

Question 1

what is bacteria

Answer 1

its primitive organism which have only one cell and their genetic material is dispersed in cytoplasm, they have 1 chromosome with no nuclear membrane

Question 2

different shapes of bacteria are

Answer 2

Cocci, bacilli, Vibrio, spirilla

Question 3

what are diplococci

Answer 3

Bacteria living in pairs

Question 4

What are streptococci

Answer 4

Bacteria living in long chains

Question 5

What are staphylococci

Answer 5

Bacteria living in clusters

Question 6

what is cell wall in bacteria made of

Answer 6

peptidoglycon

Question 7

where is the chromatin material located?

Answer 7

It has no well defined nucleus but has DNA located centrally

Question 8

what is capsule

Answer 8

Sometimes slimy protective layer called capsule is present outside the cell wall

Question 9

describe movement in bacteria

Answer 9

Most pf the bacteria dont move but is passivly transported by wind,water etc but some bacterias have flagella which pierces through the capsule and cell wall and its lashing motion provides movement to bacteria

Question 10

describe nutrition in bacteria

Answer 10

Bacteria does not have chlorophyll thus it cant make food on its own they are usually saprophytic or parasitic, the bacteria releases certain enzymes which makes the surounding food soluble and it absorbs it in solution form

Question 11

describe nutrition in bacteria

Answer 11

Bacteria does not have chlorophyll thus it cant make food on its own they are usually saprophytic or parasitic, the bacteria releases certain enzymes which makes the surounding food soluble and it absorbs it in solution form

Question 12

describe respiration in bacteria

Answer 12

Respiration can be aerobic or anerobic if anerobic bacteria are exposed to air they die

Question 13

Describe reproduction in bacteria

Answer 13

the reproduction is asexual, the dna divides into two then the cell wall expands and constricts in half to form 2 daughter cells, these daughter cells may remain attached or exist independently

Question 14

desribe the sexual reproduction in bacteria

Answer 14

In this method 2 bacteria of different strands meet, plasmid from donor is transported to the recipent through hollow tube like extension of donor cell

Question 15

how do bacteria escape unfabourable conditions

Answer 15

when unfavourable conditions kick in bacteria draws all its content into a spherical mass which gets covered by a protective wall, this is called a spore this is a state of rest for the bacteria, the spore can withstand extreme dryness, extreme temperature. The spore can be transported easily when it meets favourable condition the protoplasm inside becomes active and spore lets out new bacterium

Question 16

what is antibiotics

Answer 16

These are chemical substances which can stop the growth of bacteria,fungi

Question 17

name the criteria of good antibiotic

Answer 17

it should be able to kill a varity of disease causing microorganism, it should not kill the freindly cells of the host, should not produce any undesirable side effects

Question 18

what is a serum

Answer 18

Its blood plasma from which fibrinogin has been removed it contains many chemical substances including anti toxins, anti bodies

Question 19

What are toxins

Answer 19

they are poisenous proteins released by bacteria during their growth or due to their breakdown

Question 20

What are antitoxins

Answer 20

These are the substance formed when a poison reacts with animal body

Question 21

what are vaccines

Answer 21

General preparation consisting of weak or dead bacteria

Question 22

what is vaccination

Answer 22

process of introducing weakened or dead germs to blood to get immunity from certain diseases

Question 23

what are toxoids

Answer 23

They are inactivated toxins which still are able to make your body generate antibodies and are used to get temporary immunity against certain diseases

Question 24

name 2 bacteria which fixates the nitrogen in atmosphere

Answer 24

Aztobactor and Clostridium

Question 25

what is the most common bread mould

Answer 25

Rhizopus

Question 26

What are called hypshae

Answer 26

The Rhizopus has thread like substances called hyphae

Question 27

entire mass of the thread like structure is called

Answer 27

mycelium

Question 28

Describe the reproduction in moulds

Answer 28

Reproduction can be both sexual and asexual, in asexual starts within a day growth of mycelium, the mycelium becomes erect and starts thickening at the tip which becomes darker as the spores increases

Question 29

What is sporangium

Answer 29

The thickened tips of the mycelium is called sprangium

Question 30

what are yeasts

Answer 30

they are generally found as separate spherical cells, there are several species of yeast under the genus saccharomyces

Question 31

where are yeasts usually found

Answer 31

Yeasts are naturally found in atmosphere freely, or in sugary substances, sugary exudation of plants.

Question 32

Describe the structure of yeast

Answer 32

yeast is ovoid in shape and has a cell wall and a nucleus there may b one or more vacuoles

Question 33

describe the nutrition is yeasts

Answer 33

Yeast can directly absorb sugar but can sugar should be broken down by one of its enzymes before getting absorbed

Question 34

describe the respiration in yeasts

Answer 34

Yeasts respire anaerobically

Question 35

What is the economic importance of yeast

Answer 35

Its important due to its property of alchohol fermentation

Question 36

what is fermentation

Answer 36

process by which the microorganisms break down carbhohydrates into other substances without the use of oxygen