economic importance of bacteria Flashcards
what is bacteria
its primitive organism which have only one cell and their genetic material is dispersed in cytoplasm, they have 1 chromosome with no nuclear membrane
different shapes of bacteria are
Cocci, bacilli, Vibrio, spirilla
what are diplococci
Bacteria living in pairs
What are streptococci
Bacteria living in long chains
What are staphylococci
Bacteria living in clusters
what is cell wall in bacteria made of
peptidoglycon
where is the chromatin material located?
It has no well defined nucleus but has DNA located centrally
what is capsule
Sometimes slimy protective layer called capsule is present outside the cell wall
describe movement in bacteria
Most pf the bacteria dont move but is passivly transported by wind,water etc but some bacterias have flagella which pierces through the capsule and cell wall and its lashing motion provides movement to bacteria
describe nutrition in bacteria
Bacteria does not have chlorophyll thus it cant make food on its own they are usually saprophytic or parasitic, the bacteria releases certain enzymes which makes the surounding food soluble and it absorbs it in solution form
describe nutrition in bacteria
Bacteria does not have chlorophyll thus it cant make food on its own they are usually saprophytic or parasitic, the bacteria releases certain enzymes which makes the surounding food soluble and it absorbs it in solution form
describe respiration in bacteria
Respiration can be aerobic or anerobic if anerobic bacteria are exposed to air they die
Describe reproduction in bacteria
the reproduction is asexual, the dna divides into two then the cell wall expands and constricts in half to form 2 daughter cells, these daughter cells may remain attached or exist independently
desribe the sexual reproduction in bacteria
In this method 2 bacteria of different strands meet, plasmid from donor is transported to the recipent through hollow tube like extension of donor cell
how do bacteria escape unfabourable conditions
when unfavourable conditions kick in bacteria draws all its content into a spherical mass which gets covered by a protective wall, this is called a spore this is a state of rest for the bacteria, the spore can withstand extreme dryness, extreme temperature. The spore can be transported easily when it meets favourable condition the protoplasm inside becomes active and spore lets out new bacterium
what is antibiotics
These are chemical substances which can stop the growth of bacteria,fungi
name the criteria of good antibiotic
it should be able to kill a varity of disease causing microorganism, it should not kill the freindly cells of the host, should not produce any undesirable side effects
what is a serum
Its blood plasma from which fibrinogin has been removed it contains many chemical substances including anti toxins, anti bodies
What are toxins
they are poisenous proteins released by bacteria during their growth or due to their breakdown
What are antitoxins
These are the substance formed when a poison reacts with animal body
what are vaccines
General preparation consisting of weak or dead bacteria
what is vaccination
process of introducing weakened or dead germs to blood to get immunity from certain diseases
what are toxoids
They are inactivated toxins which still are able to make your body generate antibodies and are used to get temporary immunity against certain diseases
name 2 bacteria which fixates the nitrogen in atmosphere
Aztobactor and Clostridium
