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Alevel Geology > Economic Geology > Flashcards

Economic Geology Flashcards

1
Q

Porosity

A

Vol. of pore space/ vol. of rock * 100

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2
Q

Permeability

A

Ability to transmit fluids (distance/time)

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3
Q

Factors affecting porosity

A 
Degree if sorting
Diagenesis 
Grain shape
Faults
Packing
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4
Q

Factors affecting permeability

A

Porosity

Temp

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5
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Effect of mass of overlying water column, increasing with depth (length of column is hydrostatic head)

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6
Q

Hydraulic gradient

A

Difference in hydrostatic pressure between 2 points / distance between

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7
Q

Water table

A

Surface separating saturated and unsaturated rocks

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8
Q

Aquifer

A

Body of porous and permeable rock capable of storing and yielding water

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9
Q

Aquiclude

A

Impermeable rocks excluding water

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10
Q

Recharge zone

A

Area of aquifer open to the atmosphere allowing replenishment of water

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11
Q

Aquiterol

A

Slows water down

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12
Q

Confined aquifer

A

Aquifer between 2 layers of impermeable rock

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13
Q

Live aquifer

A

Currently being replenished

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14
Q

Fossil aquifer

A

No longer replenished

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15
Q

Artesian basin

A

Large synclinical confined aquifer under hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

Artesian well/borehole

A

Holds water under hydrostatic pressure which rises up to the well as a piziometeric surface on release

17
Q

Piziometeric surface

A

Level to which water rises (above ground level)

18
Q

Concentration factor

A

Number of times they have been concentrated by

Concentration of metal in ore/ ACA

19
Q

Grade

A

Concentration of valuable mineral in ore

20
Q

Cut off grade

A

Economically viable concentration

ACA*CF

21
Q

Gangue minerals

A

Low value waster mineral

22
Q

Properties of placer minerals

A

Dense
Hard
Chemically resistant

23
Q

Where are placer desposits

A 
Meander bends 
Plunge pool
Upstream projection 
Downstream confluence 
Beaches
24
Q

Pros of placer mining

A

Cheap
No gangue
Less environmental impact

25
Q

Cons of placer mining

A

Scars on landscape
Stir up slit
Pollution
Quickly exhausted

26
Q

Geophysical methods of detection

A

Gravity survey
Magnetic survey
EM survey
Electrical resistivity

27
Q

Geochemical detection methods

A

Stream sediment sampling
Soil sampling
Water sampling
Vegetation sampling

28
Q

Lifecycle of a mine

A

1: planning
2: construction
3: production
4: processing
5: reclamation

Alevel Geology (9 decks)

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