Economic Geography Flashcards
What’s the population of Jamaica?
2.7 million
What has Jamaica suffered from?
Slow growth, debt and high unemployment
What is Jamaica’s economy based on?
Tourism,agriculture,manufacturing
How many jobs does tourism provide for Jamaica?
200,000
How much percent does tourism contribute to Jamaica’s GDP?
It contributes around 32% of Jamaica’s GDP
How much does Jamaica earn from tourism?
$2 billion each year
How has tourism in Jamaica impacted the economy?
Higher taxes so increased development which reduces the development gap
How has tourism in Jamaica improved quality of life?
In the North,people have a high standard of living and are wealthy
A New water treatment plant has reduced pollution
Ecotourism is bringing in an income
What are the negatives of tourism in Jamaica?
Many people still have low access to fresh water, healthcare and education
Mass tourism has cause footpath erosion,excessive waste and harmful emissions
Give an example of intermediate technology
Taankas that were used in the wakel river basin project in Rajasthan,India
Constructed with resources like brick from the surrounding area which made them easy to use and were efficient
What are the limitations of fair trade?
Reliant on consumer choice
Affected by economic downturn
Not everyone is a fair trade producer
Define FairTrade
The process of making a product that means the producer gets a fair price and no one is exploited
What are the benefits of FairTrade?
FairTrade minimum price - guaranteed fair price for a product
FairTrade premium - extra money for a group of farmers to invest in their community
Working conditions are checked - no child labour, protective equipment,contracts of employment
What is debt relief and how does it benefit HIPCs?
Debt that was owed by a country is forgiven
Benefits HIPCs by allowing them to spend money on healthcare or education e.g Ghana instead of paying off debts
Why might debt relief be ineffective?
Doesn’t solve issues like corruption
Countries could just acquire more debt
What are causes of the development barrier?
Diseases like malaria - kills a child every 30 seconds
High infant mortality rate so high birth rate, rapid population growth
What was Nets for Life?
Funded by WorldBank
Provided 63 million nets for mosquitoes
80% of Nigerians had one in 2010
Educated people on how to use it
Limitations of Nets for Life
Not everyone got a net
Only short term use
Not effective during the day
Nets got damaged
Insecticides caused skin irritation
What are micro finance loans?
Where small amounts of money are taken out for small businesses to increase development in LICs
What is nationalisation?
The government buys a business and runs it for the benefit of the country
What is privatisation?
A business that is owned by the government is sold to an individual to run privately themselves
What is economic rebalancing?
Changing the economy so it’s more varied and balanced and isn’t dependent on just one industry or region
What are the causes of uneven development?
Colonialism
Occurrence of disease
Weather and climate
Explain why colonialism is a cause of uneven development
Countries e.g. the UK exploited other countries in their empire and grew rich whilst the exploited ones made little money
Explain why occurrence of disease is a cause of uneven development
Diseases like malaria are more common in tropical countries. Their spread can lead to high deaths affecting society and the economy
Explain why weather/climate is a cause of uneven development
Tropical climates are harder to work in and harder for agricultural production whereas temperate climates are milder and easier to work in
Extreme weather can also damage infrastructure,cause flooding and cause droughts
What is HDI made up of?
GNI per head, life expectancy and mean years in school
How has industrial development in Singapore reduced the development gap?
In 1970 the GNI per head was $3500
TNCs like Nike have boosted the economy
In 2021 it was $106,000
Give an example of aid improving the development of a country
The WorldBank gave aid to Nigeria to build the Aduwan Health Clinic which educates mothers about immunisation,tests for HIV and immunises children against polio.
What is successful industrial development?
Being able to trade
Attracting TNCs
Governments encourage capitalism and can invest in country
What attracts TNCs to LIC/NEEs?
Cheap/raw materials,cheap labour,tax - free incentives, poor environmental rules and regulations
What are advantages of shell for Nigeria?
Created over 10,000 jobs for Nigerians
Provided 3000 scholarships to schools and universities in Nigeria
Shell’s livewire programme helped 8000 Nigerians set up and fund their businesses
Built a network of plants to support the growing manufacturing industry
What are disadvantages of shell for Nigeria?
NNPC has taken oil profits due to corruption
Pollutes water and contaminates soil which reduces fishing yields in the Niger Delta
Most crude oil has to be exported to be refined in the USA which costs Nigeria $45 billion a year
