Economic Development: Trade, Exploration, Prosperity And Depression Flashcards
Where was the economy at in 80s and 90s + why (2)
Greater move towards sheep farming
Increased demand for wool as pop grew and overseas trad increased
What’s mixed farming (2)
System of farming
Involves growing crops + raising animals as livestock
What is pastoral farming (2)
Involves the rearing of animals
For animal by products - milk
What were common rights (2)
Denotes the legal rights of tenants to use common land
E.G = for keeping animals
What farming where (3)
Mixed = most common = lowland
Pastoral = woodland
Open field husbandry = southeast + East Midlands
What is open field husbandry (2)
From of landholding
Tenants farmed strips of land in open field with common rights
Cloth trade facts (3)
90% of value of English exports
Flourished in last quarter of 1400s
Jack lander = estimated increase 60% in volume of cloth exports in H7 reign
What industry created employment and what (2)
Fulling and dyeing of wool = opportunities of rural employment which supplemented Agrarian incomes
Cloth towns (3)
Lavenham in Suffolk
Lewes in Sussex
Very prosperous
Why some historic cities worse of with increased cloth trade (3)
Winchester and Lincoln
Cloth industry tended to move from older corporate boroughs to new manufacturing centres
These would be in smaller towns and villages = East Anglia + West riding of Yorkshire
What important company helped export wool
Merchants of the staple
Merchant adventurers (3)
Wealthiest and most influential company in London
Trading organisation = dominate cloth trade with Antwerp
Founded in 1407
What was hanseatic league (4)
Group of free cities
Formed a commercial union
Intention to control trade in Baltic Sea
Dominated commercial activity in north Europe
Why couldn’t England experience complete domination of trade
The privileges enjoyed by hanseatic league
When was the blast furnace created
1496
When embargo with who + why (3)
Trade with Netherlands
1493
Fear about Margaret of burgundy support for PW
When + what navigation acts (3+)
1485 + 1489
Objective = encourage English shipping by ensuring only English ships could carry certain products to and from English ports
Limited usefulness = foreign vessels continued to transports substantial portion of English exports
Prosperity and depression?
Both building workers + agricultural labourers on the whole better off during 1490s than they would be at any other time during Tudor period
What did John Cabot discover (3)
1497
Newfoundlands = fishing grounds
Land the way for Bristol fishery
Why Bristol fishery need new area
Bristol fish merchants excluded from Icelandic waters by Hanseatic league
Summary of H7 economy (3)
Dynastic interests always prevailed over commercial interests
Economy based firmly on agriculture with small scale industrial enterprises
Temporary disruptions = embargo
Other industries (4)
Tin = mined in Cornwall
Lead = mined in upland areas like high Pennines
Coal = mined in Durham + Northumberland
Coal = from northeast = shipped from Newcastle to meet demands domestically in London
Limitations of agriculture (2)
Enclosures = less people can grow food
Bad harvest = shouldn’t depend on it
Industry limitations (3)
England struggled to compete:
With Spain in in shipbuilding
Most industry = ‘cottage scale’ with only small operations
Trade limitations (3)
Over dependency - 90z of exports
1487 = France imposed restrictions
Trade embargo
Prosperity positives (2)
Decline in export price of wool + grain and animal products since 1490s
Rising real incomes
Positives of trade through treaties (2+)
Intercusus Magnus 1496 = stopped embargo
1489 = medina del campo = equal trading rights and fixed customs rates that favoured English traders
