Economic Development in Mozambique

Question 1

Provide examples of developments made in agriculture.

Answer 1

• Introduction of cotton, cashew nuts and sisal
• Cotton plantations were established in various regions of Mozambique, including areas around Beira, Quelimane, and Nampula.

Question 2

Positive impact of the developments made in agriculture.

Answer 2

• Increased export revenues from cash crops like cocoa, coffee, and rubber.
• Introduction of modern farming techniques, leading to higher agricultural productivity.
• Establishment of agricultural markets and networks, facilitating trade and economic growth.
• Diversification of rural economies, reducing dependence on subsistence farming.
• Creation of employment opportunities in agricultural production and processing sectors.

Question 3

Negative impacts of developments made in agriculture.

Answer 3

• Land dispossession and displacement of indigenous communities for large-scale plantations.
• Dependence on cash crops, leading to vulnerability to global market fluctuations.
• Environmental degradation due to monoculture farming practices and deforestation.
• Social inequalities and conflicts over land ownership and access to resources.
• Reduction in food security and self-sufficiency due to the focus on cash crops over food crops.

Question 4

Provide examples of developments made in transport.

Answer 4

• Limpopo Corridor (Estrada do Limpopo):
• Year of Construction: Late 19th century to early 20th century (exact dates may vary for different sections).
  Purpose: The Limpopo Corridor was a vital transportation route linking southern Mozambique, particularly the Maputo region, with neighboring countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe. It facilitated the movement of goods, people, and raw materials, contributing to regional trade and economic integration.

Question 5

Positive impact of development made in transport.

Answer 5

• Improved connectivity through the construction of railways, roads, and ports.
• Facilitation of trade and economic activities within African countries and with global markets.
• Introduction of telecommunication systems, improving administrative efficiency and communication networks.
• Integration of regional economies into global trade networks, stimulating economic development.
• Creation of job opportunities in transportation, logistics, and communication sectors.

Question 6

Negative impacts of developments made in transport.

Answer 6

• Unequal distribution of infrastructure, with urban areas and economically strategic regions receiving more development.
• Limited local control over transportation and communication networks, hindering autonomy.
• Disruption of traditional trade routes and local economies, leading to economic dislocation in some areas.
• Environmental degradation from infrastructure projects, such as deforestation and habitat destruction.
• Dependence on foreign investments and loans for infrastructure development, leading to debt burdens.

Question 7

Provide examples of development made in mining.

Answer 7

• Maputo Province: The Maputo Province, particularly areas near the capital city Maputo, had deposits of limestone, marble, and other construction materials. Mining and quarrying activities in this region supported infrastructure development and construction projects.
• Manica Province: This province, located in the central-western part of Mozambique, was known for its rich gold deposits. Gold mining in Manica dates back to pre-colonial times, but it saw increased activity during the colonial period, especially with the introduction of modern mining techniques by European companies.

Question 8

Positive impacts of development made in mining.

Answer 8

• Contribution to economic growth through mineral exports and revenue generation.
• Creation of employment opportunities in mining operations and related industries.
• Development of infrastructure around mining areas, such as roads and power supply.
• Transfer of technology and skills in mining techniques and equipment.
• Attraction of foreign investment and capital inflows into the economy.

Question 9

Negative impact of developments made in mining.

Answer 9

• Environmental degradation from mining activities, including pollution and habitat destruction.
• Exploitation of local labor with low wages, poor working conditions, and limited rights.
• Social tensions and conflicts over land rights, resource control, and distribution of mining revenues.
• Dependence on volatile global commodity markets, leading to economic instability.
• Displacement of communities and disruption of traditional livelihoods due to mining operations.