Economic Development Flashcards
What percentage of the population (2.2 million) lived in urban settings (cities, factories etc)?
10%
What were the two main industries in urban areas?
Wool and cloth
Why did Henry lack specific economic policies?
He was more interested in building his own wealth
As popilation increased and trade overseas grew, there was an increased demmand for wool, what did this increase and decrease the profibility of?
Increased profibility of sheep farming
Decreased the profibility of arable farming
What is mixed farming and what zone was it common in?
•A system of farming which involves the groeing of crops as well as the raising of animals as live stock
•Lowland zone (South and East)
What is pastoral farming and where was it common?
•Rearing of animals - either for animal byproducts such as milk, eggs, wood, or for meat
•Predominated in woodland areas and there were specialisms such as horse breeding in the Fenlands
What is Open field husbandry and where was it common?
•Form of landholding where the tenants farmed strips of land found in open fields and enjoyed common rights, often keeping animals
•Most of ‘lowland’ England, South East and East Midlands
What did changes with the wool and cloth trade cause?
•Sheep farming more profitable
•Peasants lost access to common land
What percent of English exports was the cloth trade responsible for?
~90%
What percentage increase of volume of cloth exports during Henry VII’s reign?
60%
What did finished cloth dominating the trade lead to?
•Weaving, fulling (cleansing), and dyeing as commercial enterprises
•Oppurtunities for rural employment
Why did some cities experience significant decay from the cloth industry?
The cloth industry tended to move from older corporate boroughd to newer manufactoring centres in smaller market towns
Why was England dependant on the cloth industry in trading?
Other industries remained small and failed to compete effectively with their continental competitors, such as Germany
Germany and Bohemia were superior in which industry?
Mining and metallurgy (scientific extraction, refining etc of metals)
Spanish, Portugese and Dutch were superior in which industry?
Ship building
What did the 2 acts in 1489 that were anti-enclosure do?
•Anti-enclosure in the Isle of Wight as Henry concerned about depopulation
•General act criticising the conversion of arable land to pastoral; decay of villages; depopulation; banned destruction of houses attached to 20 or more acres of land
How many ships did Henry build up for the navy and what quality were they in?
9 ships. Good quality.
What did the Navigation Acts of 1485 and 1486 do?
Encourage use of English ships
