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Human Geography > Economic Change > Flashcards

Economic Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is primary industry? Examples.

A

Extracting raw materials from the ground or sea

E.g. Farmer

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2
Q

What is secondary industry? Example

A

Making something in factory or workshop

E.g. Computer manufacturers/ bakery

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3
Q

What is tertiary industry? ExMple

A

Providing a service

E.g. dentist

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4
Q

What is quaternary industry? Example

A

Providing computer, communication, and IT services

E.g. Computer programmer

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the pre industrial stage of the Clark fisher model?

A

LIC’s- Ethiopia
High primary
Mid secondary
Low tertiary

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the industrial stage or the Clark fisher model?

A

Mic- china
Mid primary
Mid secondary
Mid tertiary

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the post industrials stage of the Clark fisher model?

A 
HIC- U.K.
Low primary
Mid secondary 
Night tertiary 
Quaternary develops
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8
Q

What are the reasons for the uk’s decline in primary employment?

A

Mechanisation
Decrease in mining
Declining fish stock

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9
Q

How has mechanisation lead to a decrease in the uk’s primary industry?

A

Tractors are bigger so fewer workers needed
More produce is imported
Practice on growing crops means they choose faster to grow
Automatic feeders

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10
Q

Hodges a decline in coal mines lead to less primary jobs in the U.K.?

A

Bigger equipment
Coal imported from Australia
Mines closing
More renewable energy

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11
Q

How has a decline in fish stock lead to a decrease in primary industry?

A

Over fishing
Bigger boats and bigger nets decrease in fish to catch
Quota used up

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12
Q

Why has the secondary industry declined in the U.K.?

A

De-industrialisation
Globalisation
Automation

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13
Q

What does globalisation mean?

A

Buying products from other countries

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14
Q

What does automation mean?

A

Technology taking jobs

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15
Q

Why has de-industrialisation occurred in the U.K. And declined secondary industry?

A 
Location of factory
Expensive workers
Little space
Old 
Little raw materials
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16
Q

Why has globalisation lead to a decrease in secondary jobs?

A 
Internet means quick orders
Global brands
Transport -tonnes or cargo for cheap
Workers 94p in china is cheap labour
Making counties wealthy (mic)
17
Q

How has automation lead to a decline In the secondary industry?

A 
Consumers can select cheapest product
High labour costs in LIC's 
Increase production and reduce cost
HIC's can invest in technology 
Competition with overseas companies
18
Q

What are the social reasons why there has been a growth of the tertiary sector in the U.K.?

A

Age of marriage increased -more single people (1960=20/ 2000= 34)
Over 55’s doubled -need care
Less children per family -more money on themselves (1960= 2.9/ 2000= 1.6)

19
Q

What are the economic reasons for the growth in the tertiary industry in the U.K. ?

A

2x more disposable income in 2006 than 1986

Beautician and hairdresser increase (1 million in 2013)

20
Q

What are the technological reasons for the increase in the tertiary sector in the U.K.?

A

Online shopping

Call centre jobs- (2000= 350,000/ 2008= 950,000)

21
Q

What are the factors effecting the location of industry?

A 
Transport
Raw materials
Sits
Labour
Power source 
Market 
Government
22
Q

What are the factors effecting the location of primary industry? Use an example.

A

China clay mine st Austell (Cornwall)

Raw materials -close to surface= cheaper
Site- government approved
Transport- trains, ports, roads
Labour - town close

23
Q

What are the factors affecting the location of secondary industry? Use an example.

A

Toyota car factory near derby

Labour- engineers close
Government- £100million given toward factory
Market- close to town
Transport- near A roads

24
Q

What are the factors affecting the location of tertiary industry? Use an example.

A

David Lloyd H and f centre Hatfield, Hertfordshire

Transport- good access ( A roads)
Market- near university
Site- room to expand + flat

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of deindustrialisation ?

A 
People lose jobs
Unemployment rises
Local spending down
Businesses close
Poverty rises
People leave area
House prices fall
Ugly derelict mines
26
Q

What are the benefits of deindustrialisation?

A 
Less noise and air pollution
Less mining traffic
Site cleared up
Toxic materials removed appearance improved
Jobs created 
Tourism
27
Q

What are the advantages of the closure of factories in rural areas? Use an example.

A

Wells soft drinks, Tenbury

Taken over by esterform in 2001 Now employs 260 people with a turnover of £60 million

New business park

28
Q

What are the costs of deindustrialisation in rural areas? Example

A

Wells soft drinks

300 jobs lost
Lower paid work in tenbury
People left town suppliers ran out of business

29
Q

What is the case study for rapidly growth in the secondary sector in an MIC?

A

China

30
Q

What were the social reasons for rapid growth in secondary jobs in China?

A 
Large population (1.4 billion) attracts businesses
Well educated work force over 99% in school , 7 million graduates every year
31
Q

What are the economic reasons for the increase in secondary industry in china?

A

Low wage costs (94p an hour )
Near other developing countries (Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand)
Special economic zones- companies pay low taxes

32
Q

What are the environmental reasons for an increase in secondary jobs in china?

A

Excellent infrastructure- new roads and airports

3 gorges dam- electricity

33
Q

What are the positive effects of China’s growth in secondary industry?

A

Economic-
Improve life expectancy from 49 to 72 -improved health care
Increased wealth $56 per person to $1100 a year

Social-
Reduce infant mortality from 150 per 1000 to 30 today

34
Q

What are the negative impacts of China’s growth in secondary jobs?

A

Environmental-
High pollution levels- 75% from coal - 760,000 death from air and water pollution

Social-
Urbanisation- 500 million in next 20 years into city

Economic-
Poor factory conditions- 4 hours a night + low pay - £150 a year

Human Geography (4 decks)

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