economic activity & energy

Question 1

Give three human factors affecting the location of industry

Answer 1

Capital, more likely to attract investments
Close to Labour
Government influence eg policies
Quality of life
Transport and communications

Question 2

What are some physical factors that affect/influence industrial locations?

Answer 2

Site, raw materials, energy, natural harbours, and climate 

Question 3

What is decentralisation?

Answer 3

The movement of manufacturing and Rita outwards from CBDs and inner cities 

Question 4

Reasons for change in economic activity

Answer 4

Raw materials
Globalisation
The role of technology
Government policy
Population increase

Question 5

What is globalisation?

Answer 5

increasing global links

Question 6

What are two ways in which changes that age structure of a population can affect economic activity

Answer 6

It affects the size of working population and the demand for particular goods and services.
Average, disposable income and income distribution
Cultural trait affecting demand for different goods and services.

Question 7

How do government investments influence the location of economic activity?

Answer 7

Government may use grants to attract major international companies or attract with incentives of inward investment to increase the level of employment.
Government can also set up spending policies to build better transport and communication. 

Question 8

What is the sectoral shift in the UK?

Answer 8

Post industrial stage after industrial revolution, over 80% of UK Workforce now is in tertiary sector.

Question 9

What are some positives of the UK sectoral shift?

Answer 9

Attraction of high-level foreign direct investments.
UK, becoming one of the worlds leading exporters of tertiary products.
Low-cost manufactured goods from China/emerging countries can keep inflation low.
The industrialisation can improve environmental conditions in UK 

Question 10

What are some negatives of the UK sectoral shifts?

Answer 10

High job losses, e.g. coal, textiles, shipbuilding industries, due to de-industrialisation
A cycle of deprivation in the cities, large scale of manufacturing decline
Widening, gap between highest, and lowest paid workers, richest and poorest regions
Loss of jobs in corporation tax

Question 11

What is the sector shift in China?

Answer 11

Rapid development of manufacturing industry causing increase of rate of economic growth
Growth of secondary and tertiary sectors at a very fast rate 

Question 12

What are some positives of the sector shift in China?

Answer 12

Large increase in average, wages and living standards.
Improved soft infrastructure such as education, health and housing.
Increasing levels of foreign investments.
More developed higher infrastructure such as railways airports, energy supply.

Question 13

What are some negatives of the sector shift in China?

Answer 13

regional imbalance between fast and slowest growing regions such as rich and poor living standards
Very high level of pollution in large urban industrial areas.
Increasing contribution to global warming.

Question 14

Characteristics of informal sectors

Answer 14

Highly labour-intensive
Low and unreliable pay
Temporary love part time jobs
Poor working conditions, e.g. high, exposure to health and safety risks
High potential for exploitation, e.g. children
Poor job security

Question 15

Energy demand and resource management

Question 16

Define nonrenewable energy resources

Answer 16

Energy that will eventually run out

Question 17

Define renewable energy resources

Answer 17

energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed.

Question 18

Advantages of nuclear power

Answer 18

Zero emissions of greenhouse gases
No reliance on imported fossil fuels
Not as vulnerable to fuel price at fluctuation, such as oil and gas
Very reliable

Question 19

Disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 19

Power plant accidents that can release radiation
High construction costs
Possible increase of cancer risks
Radioactive waste
Can be exploited by terrorists for weapons

Question 20

Advantages of solar power

Answer 20

Completely renewable source
No noise or direct pollution
Limited maintenance required
Can be used in remote areas

Question 21

Disadvantages of solar power

Answer 21

High initial installation costs
Unreliable source, especially in countries with low annual hours of sunshine
Weather dependent
Cannot be harnessed during storms, cloudy days or night

Question 22

Define energy efficiency

Answer 22

Reducing the use of energy used by people / required to provide products and services

Question 23

Define urbanisation (1)

Answer 23

Process of making an area more urban by population increase and development

Question 24

Why are there different rates of urbanisation in different continents?

Answer 24

• political, government influence
• development of urban areas, better housing, environment, services
• increased wealth to move into urban areas
• increasing popularity of rural areas due to aesthetics
• push and pull factors
• access and geography of the area , road links, development

Question 25

Give two economic impacts on people from climate change (4)

Answer 25

• droughts, losing agricultural productivity and lose income
• sea levels rising in low coastal areas, increased hazard, loss of properties and yield
• heatwaves may kill people, affect countries like Greece with high tourism
  Loss of health, inability to work