economic activity & energy Flashcards
Give three human factors affecting the location of industry
Capital, more likely to attract investments
Close to Labour
Government influence eg policies
Quality of life
Transport and communications
What are some physical factors that affect/influence industrial locations?
Site, raw materials, energy, natural harbours, and climate 
What is decentralisation?
The movement of manufacturing and Rita outwards from CBDs and inner cities 
Reasons for change in economic activity
Raw materials
Globalisation
The role of technology
Government policy
Population increase
What is globalisation?
increasing global links
What are two ways in which changes that age structure of a population can affect economic activity
It affects the size of working population and the demand for particular goods and services.
Average, disposable income and income distribution
Cultural trait affecting demand for different goods and services.
How do government investments influence the location of economic activity?
Government may use grants to attract major international companies or attract with incentives of inward investment to increase the level of employment.
Government can also set up spending policies to build better transport and communication. 
What is the sectoral shift in the UK?
Post industrial stage after industrial revolution, over 80% of UK Workforce now is in tertiary sector.
What are some positives of the UK sectoral shift?
Attraction of high-level foreign direct investments.
UK, becoming one of the worlds leading exporters of tertiary products.
Low-cost manufactured goods from China/emerging countries can keep inflation low.
The industrialisation can improve environmental conditions in UK 
What are some negatives of the UK sectoral shifts?
High job losses, e.g. coal, textiles, shipbuilding industries, due to de-industrialisation
A cycle of deprivation in the cities, large scale of manufacturing decline
Widening, gap between highest, and lowest paid workers, richest and poorest regions
Loss of jobs in corporation tax
What is the sector shift in China?
Rapid development of manufacturing industry causing increase of rate of economic growth
Growth of secondary and tertiary sectors at a very fast rate 
What are some positives of the sector shift in China?
Large increase in average, wages and living standards.
Improved soft infrastructure such as education, health and housing.
Increasing levels of foreign investments.
More developed higher infrastructure such as railways airports, energy supply.
What are some negatives of the sector shift in China?
regional imbalance between fast and slowest growing regions such as rich and poor living standards
Very high level of pollution in large urban industrial areas.
Increasing contribution to global warming.
Characteristics of informal sectors
Highly labour-intensive
Low and unreliable pay
Temporary love part time jobs
Poor working conditions, e.g. high, exposure to health and safety risks
High potential for exploitation, e.g. children
Poor job security
Energy demand and resource management
Define nonrenewable energy resources
Energy that will eventually run out
Define renewable energy resources
energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed.
Advantages of nuclear power
Zero emissions of greenhouse gases
No reliance on imported fossil fuels
Not as vulnerable to fuel price at fluctuation, such as oil and gas
Very reliable
Disadvantages of nuclear power
Power plant accidents that can release radiation
High construction costs
Possible increase of cancer risks
Radioactive waste
Can be exploited by terrorists for weapons
Advantages of solar power
Completely renewable source
No noise or direct pollution
Limited maintenance required
Can be used in remote areas
Disadvantages of solar power
High initial installation costs
Unreliable source, especially in countries with low annual hours of sunshine
Weather dependent
Cannot be harnessed during storms, cloudy days or night
Define energy efficiency
Reducing the use of energy used by people / required to provide products and services
Define urbanisation (1)
Process of making an area more urban by population increase and development
Why are there different rates of urbanisation in different continents?
- political, government influence
- development of urban areas, better housing, environment, services
- increased wealth to move into urban areas
- increasing popularity of rural areas due to aesthetics
- push and pull factors
- access and geography of the area , road links, development
Give two economic impacts on people from climate change (4)
- droughts, losing agricultural productivity and lose income
- sea levels rising in low coastal areas, increased hazard, loss of properties and yield
- heatwaves may kill people, affect countries like Greece with high tourism
Loss of health, inability to work
