Economic Activity And Energy Flashcards
What are the four main economic sectors?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Describe primary sector
Extracting natural resources
Fishing farming
Describe secondary sector
Manufacturing and industrial production
Factory
Describe tertiary sector
Providing services
Retail, healthcare
Describe quaternary sector
Knowledge based sector
IT, research and development
What is the Clark Fisher model?
-pre industrial countries most people work in primary sector
-industrial economies, the secondary sector grows as industries develop
-post industrial economies , tertiary and quaternary sectors dominate
Why do employment structures vary between countries?
-level of economic development (developed countries have more tertiary and quaternary employment)
-natural resources available
-government and the investment in the industries
What factors influence the location of primary sectors industry?
-availability of natural resources (minerals and fertile soil)
-climate (fishing near coastlines, farming on fertile land)
-accessibility (transport routes to markets)
What are the factors affect the location of secondary industries?
-access to raw materials (factories near ports and coal mines)
-transport connections (near highways or railways or port for exporting goods)
-labour availability (industrial areas with workforce)
Why do tertiary amd quaternary industries cluster in urban areas?
-lots of costumers (more demand for services)
-high access to skilled workforce
-better infrastructure (transport for workers, office space)
Why is the employment in the primary sector decline in many developed countries?
-mechanisation (machines replacing human labour)
-lack of resources (overfishing, deforestation)
-globalisation (cheaper import reduce local production
What factors have led to the decline of the secondary sector in some countries?
-Globalisation (import from countries with cheaper labour than produce its own)
-automation (machines replacing factory workers)
-environmental concerns (stricter regulations on pollution)
Why have tertiary sector grown in developed countries?
-rising incomes leads to higher demand of services
-growth of technology
-better education and healthcare which requires workers
What factors have contributed to the rise of quaternary sector?
-technological advancement (growth in IT and research)
-investment in education (more skilled workers)
-globalisation (higher demand for advanced industries)
What factors affect global energy demand and production?
Population growth( more people=higher demand for electricity, heating, transport)
Increased wealth ( economic development leads to greater energy consumption)
Technological advancement (new technologies can increase energy efficiency)
Resources availability (countries with resources rely on them, while other invest in renewable)
Government policies (taxes and regulations, influence energy production choices)
What are non-renewable energy sources?give examples
Energy sources that are finite, continued exploitation will lead to them running out. They are unsustainable
For example coal oil and natural gas
What is an energy gap?
Occurs when country’s energy consumption is greater than its ability to produce energy, it has to make up this deficit by importing energy from other countries
What is energy security?
When county is able to meet all its energy demands through reliable energy production within its own borders, state of energy self sufficiency
What are advantages and disadvantages of non renewable energy?
Advantages:
High energy output
Reliable and available demand
Supports economic growth ( jobs in mining, oil drilling)
Disadvantages:
Finite supple (will run out)
Environmental damage (oil spills, deforestation)
Geopolitical issues (countries depend on others for fossil fuels)
What are renewable energy sources? Give examples
Energy source that are finite p, they can be used again and again, without ever being exhausted, they are sustainable
For example solar, wind gydroelectric biomass
What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy?
Advantages:
Sustainable (will not run out)
Clean energy source
No or low carbon emissions
Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
Disadvantages:
Expensive to develop
Unreliable (depends on wind and sunlight etc)
Requires large areas of land
Some have environmental impact (dams affect rivers, wind turbines harm birds)
What are the theee key ways energy can be managed sustainably?
Education- teaching people to reduce energy waste
Energy efficiency- saving energy
Energy conservation- reducing unnecessary energy use
What is suistainable energy management?
Managing energy resources in a manner that allows for high economic productivity and standard of living today, but in a way that does not compromise the ability of future generations to enjoy the same benefits
What is energy conservation?
Saving energy reserves through a reduction in energy consumption
